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. 2015 Mar 7;282(1802):20141943. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2014.1943

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Illustration of the auditory systems in (a) lungfish, (b) urodeles and (c) recent tympanic anurans. The lungfish ear is characterized by a closed otic capsule containing otolithic organs only resembling those of the tetrapodomorph tetrapod ancestors. The otic capsule of urodeles is opened by the oval window and perilymphatic duct, and papillae are found in the inner ear in addition to otolithic organs. In most anurans, the inner ear is further connected to the surrounding air by the tympanic middle ear. Ot, otolithic organ; Pe, perilymphatic duct; Pa, papillae organs; Co, columella; RW, round window; Tym, tympanic middle ear.