Table 2. Changes in insulin secretion and IS due to overfeeding (OF) caloric restriction (CR) and refeeding (RF) (values are means ±SD).
| n | baseline (T0) | OF (T1) | CR (T2) | RF (T3) | ∆CR (T2-T0) | ∆RF (T3-T2) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| insulin secretion | |||||||
| insulin-tAUC/glucose-tAUC | 30 | 9.43 ±5.68 | 7.77 ±4.14 | 10.25 ±7.25 | -1.55 ±2.97 † | 2.34 ±4.22* | |
| Stumvoll-index | 30 | 1642 ±846 | 1300 ±512 | 1914 ±1114 | -321 ±555 †† | 576 ±840** | |
| fasting IS | |||||||
| insulin (mU/l) | 32 | 7.94 ±4.15 | 11.99 ±6.26 ††† | 5.59 ±3.69 | 8.13 ±4.36 | -2.36 ±2.86 ††† | 2.54 ±2.27*** |
| glucose (mmol/l) | 32 | 4.27 ±0.26 | 4.26 ±0.30 | 4.00 ±0.29 | 3.97 ±0.29 | -0.27 ±0.34 ††† | -0.02 ±0.33 |
| HOMA-index | 32 | 1.48 ±1.10 | 2.39 ±1.27 †† | 0.84 ±0.44 | 1.43 ±0.74 | -0.63 ±0.93 †† | 0.58 ±0.56*** |
| OGTT-derived IS | |||||||
| insulin-iAUC (mU/l per 2h) | 30 | 104.2 ±50.0 | 98.0 ±50.1 | 116.6 ±89.5 | -6.2 ±35.9 | 18.7 ±56.0 | |
| glucose-iAUC (mmol/l per 2h) | 30 | 2.24 ±1.72 | 3.30 ±1.54 | 2.38 ±1.21 | 1.07 ±2.06 † | -0.92 ±1.65* | |
| Matsuda-ISI | 30 | 9.17 ±4.44 | 12.13 ±6.37 | 8.45 ±3.46 | 2.95 ±3.23 ††† | -3.67 ±4.44*** | |
| ∆RF-baseline (T3-T0) | |||||||
| M-value (mg/kg/min) | 31 | 9.0 ±2.9 | 8.7 ±2.2 | -0.3 ±2.5 |
†p<0.05
††p<0.01
†††p<0.001 significantly different from baseline
*p<0.05
**p<0.01
***p<0.001 significantly different from previous period; Repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni adjustments
IS, insulin sensitivity; HOMA-index, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; iAUC, incremental area under the curve; tAUC, total area under the curve; Matsuda-ISI, Mastsuda insulin sensitivity index