Table 2. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of and treatment outcomes for case-patients with tuberculosis attributable to Mycobacterium bovis and M. tuberculosis, California, USA, 2003–2011.
| Patient group, characteristic or outcome | No. (%) cases* |
p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| M. bovis, n = 176 | M. tuberculosis, n = 3,445 | ||
| Child case-patients† | |||
| Country of birth | 0.02 | ||
| United States | 4/6 (66.7) | 54/58 (93.1) | |
| Mexico | 2/6 (33.3) | 1/58 (1.7) | |
| Other‡ | 0/6 | 3/58 (5.2) | |
| Any parent/guardian born in Mexico | 6/6 (100.0) | 22/58 (38.0) | 0.005 |
| Lived in Mexico for >2 mo |
4/6 (66.7) |
2/58 (3.4) |
<0.001 |
| All patients | |||
| Age, years | 0.24 | ||
| 0 to <15 | 6 (3.4) | 58 (1.7) | |
| 15–24 | 16 (9.1) | 304 (8.8) | |
| 25–44 | 46 (26.1) | 990 (28.7) | |
| 45–64 | 66 (37.5) | 1,112 (32.3) | |
| >65 | 42 (23.9) | 981 (28.5) | |
| Race/ethnicity | <0.001 | ||
| White, non-Hispanic | 3 (1.7) | 277 (8.0) | |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 3 (1.7) | 204 (5.9) | |
| Asian, non-Hispanic | 42 (23.9) | 1,743 (50.6) | |
| Hispanic | 127 (72.2) | 1,187 (34.5) | |
| Other | 1 (0.6) | 34 (1.0) | |
| Country of birth | <0.001 | ||
| United States | 33/175 (18.9) | 643/3,438 (18.7) | |
| Mexico | 94/175 (53.7) | 740/3,438 (21.5) | |
| Other country‡ | 48/175 (27.4) | 2,057/3,438 (59.8) | |
| Main site of disease | <0.001 | ||
| Pulmonary | 110 (62.5) | 2,938 (85.2) | |
| Extrapulmonary only | 66 (37.5) | 507 (14.8) | |
| Presence of cavitation on chest radiographs§ | 23/99 (23.2) | 666/2,781 (24.0 | 0.87 |
| Positive acid-fast bacilli sputum smear§ | 57/101 (56.4) | 1,678/2,785 (60.3) | 0.44 |
| Reported HIV co-infection | 13 (7.4) | 140 (4.1) | 0.03 |
| Presence of diabetes mellitus | 59 (33.5) | 826 (24.0) | 0.004 |
| Presence of other immunosuppressive condition(s)¶ | 35 (19.9) | 352 (10.2) | <0.001 |
| Primary reason evaluated for tuberculosis | <0.001 | ||
| Presence of tuberculosis symptoms | 116 (65.9) | 2,243/3,435 (65.3) | |
| Abnormal results on chest radiograph | 26 (14.8) | 608/3,435 (17.7) | |
| Contact investigation | 0 | 86/3,435 (2.5) | |
| Targeted testing | 2 (1.1) | 60/3,435 (1.7) | |
| Immigration medical examination | 3 (1.7) | 113/3,435 (3.3) | |
| Incidental laboratory result | 29 (16.5) | 285/3,435 (8.3) | |
| Other | 0 | 40/3,435 (1.2) | |
| Treatment outcome | 0.006 | ||
| Patient died before completion | 26/165 (15.8) | 285/3,299 (8.6) | |
| Completed treatment | 126/165 (76.3) | 2,786/3,299 (84.4) | |
| Other | 13/165 (7.9) | 228/3,299 (6.9) | |
*n values are indicated for categories with missing or incomplete data. †Case-patients <15 y of age. ‡Other countries (no. cases): Ethiopia (1), Malaysia (1), Vietnam (1). §Of case-patients with any pulmonary involvement. ¶Includes end-stage renal disease, immunosuppression associated with receiving anti–tumor necrosis factor-α therapy, immunosuppression associated with receiving solid-organ transplant, or other immunosuppressive conditions, but excludes diabetes and HIV co-infection.