Table 3.
Crude and adjusted odds ratios for the non-linear associations between HIV stigmaa and being out-of-care among HIV patients, Lima, Peru, 2011-2012.
| Primary outcome of being out-of-care (>12 months since HNCH visit) | Sensitivity analysis reclassifying out-of-care patients attending other clinics in previous 12 months as in-care | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude | Adjustedb | Crude | Adjustedc | |||||
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| Enacted stigmad | ||||||||
| Stigma score of 5 vs. 4 | 2.19 | 1.43, 3.33 | 2.71 | 1.47, 4.98 | 1.86 | 1.10, 3.12 | 2.06 | 1.04, 4.12 |
| Stigma score of 6 vs. 5 | 1.67 | 1.28, 2.17 | 1.89 | 1.30, 2.75 | 1.42 | 1.03, 1.95 | 1.47 | 0.98, 2.20 |
| Stigma score of 7 vs. 6 | 1.31 | 1.14, 1.52 | 1.37 | 1.12, 1.68 | 1.11 | 0.92, 1.34 | 1.08 | 0.85, 1.36 |
| Stigma score of 8 vs. 7 | 1.10 | 0.97, 1.24 | 1.08 | 0.89, 1.30 | 0.93 | 0.76, 1.13 | 0.86 | 0.65, 1.13 |
| Stigma score of 9 vs. 8 | 0.97 | 0.83, 1.14 | 0.92 | 0.71, 1.18 | 0.82 | 0.64, 1.07 | 0.73 | 0.51, 1.07 |
| Negative Self-imagee | ||||||||
| Stigma score of 4 vs. 3 | 1.13 | 0.76, 1.68 | 1.11 | 0.70, 1.75 | No evidence of a non-linear association, see results for linear association in Table 2. | |||
| Stigma score of 5 vs. 4 | 1.51 | 1.19, 1.93 | 1.60 | 1.17, 2.18 | ||||
| Stigma score of 6 vs. 5 | 1.99 | 1.29, 3.05 | 2.20 | 1.24, 3.90 | ||||
| Stigma score of 7 vs. 6 | 1.51 | 1.14, 1.99 | 1.42 | 1.00, 2.01 | ||||
| Stigma score of 8 vs. 7 | 1.08 | 0.89, 1.30 | 0.86 | 0.61, 1.21 | ||||
| Concern with Public Attitudesf | ||||||||
| Stigma score of 6 vs. 5 | No evidence of a non-linear association, see results for linear association in Table 2. | 1.61 | 1.06, 2.46 | 1.46 | 0.94, 2.27 | |||
| Stigma score of 7 vs. 6 | 1.59 | 1.05, 2.40 | 1.44 | 0.94, 2.22 | ||||
| Stigma score of 8 vs. 7 | 1.45 | 1.02, 2.07 | 1.33 | 0.92, 1.93 | ||||
| Stigma score of 9 vs. 8 | 1.21 | 0.93, 1.58 | 1.13 | 0.85, 1.50 | ||||
| Stigma score of 10 vs. 9 | 0.92 | 0.74, 1.16 | 0.88 | 0.69, 1.14 | ||||
Modeled as a restricted cubic spline; the OR no longer reflects a constant relative change in odds of being out-of-care for each one point increase in the HIV stigma score.
Adjusted Model 1 adjusted for age, gender, income, travel time to HNCH, social support, knowledge of HIV, and ART status
Adjusted Model 2 adjusted for all covariates in Model 1 and time since HIV diagnosis
Likelihood ratio test for the non-linear stigma term: primary analysis, p<0.001; re-classified analysis, p=0.006
Likelihood ratio test for the non-linear stigma term: primary analysis, p=0.02; re-classified analysis, p=0.39
Likelihood ratio test for the non-linear stigma term: primary analysis, p=0.50; re-classified analysis, p=0.006