Table 3.
Odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals*,† of beverage consumption according to demographic and socio-economic variables in the Brazilian population aged ≥10 years; first Brazilian Individual Dietary Survey (IDS), 2008–09
| Caloric coffee beverages‡ | Sugar-sweetened soft drinks§ | Fruit/vegetable juices|| | Caloric milk/soyamilk beverages¶ | Unsweetened/low-calorie coffee/tea** | Low-calorie soft drinks†† | Low-calorie/low-fat milk/soyamilk beverages‡‡ | Alcoholic beverages§§ | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | |
| Sex | ||||||||||||||||
| Male | 1·0 | – | 1·0 | – | 1·0 | – | 1·0 | – | 1·0 | – | 1·0 | – | 1·0 | – | 1·0 | – |
| Female | 1·0 | 0·9, 1·1 | 1·0 | 1·0, 1·1 | 1·3 | 1·2, 1·4 | 1·2 | 1·1, 1·4 | 1·5 | 1·3, 1·7 | 1·6 | 1·2, 2·1 | 1·9 | 1·5, 2·4 | 0·4 | 0·3, 0·5 |
| Income|||| | ||||||||||||||||
| Quartile 1 | 1·0 | – | 1·0 | – | 1·0 | – | 1·0 | – | 1·0 | – | 1·0 | – | 1·0 | – | 1·0 | – |
| Quartile 2 | 0·7 | 0·6, 0·8 | 1·5 | 1·2, 1·7 | 1·1 | 1·0, 1·3 | 1·4 | 1·2, 1·6 | 1·3 | 1·0, 1·7 | 2·1 | 1·0, 4·8 | 1·4 | 0·9, 2·2 | 1·1 | 0·7, 1·8 |
| Quartile 3 | 0·5 | 0·4, 0·6 | 1·6 | 1·3, 1·9 | 1·3 | 1·1, 1·5 | 1·8 | 1·5, 2·1 | 1·2 | 0·9, 1·6 | 2·2 | 0·9, 5·4 | 1·5 | 1·0, 2·3 | 1·3 | 0·8, 2·2 |
| Quartile 4 | 0·4 | 0·3, 0·4 | 1·8 | 1·5, 2·2 | 1·4 | 1·2, 1·6 | 1·9 | 1·6, 2·2 | 1·6 | 1·2, 2·2 | 5·3 | 2·1, 12·7 | 2·5 | 1·6, 4·0 | 1·8 | 1·1, 3·0 |
| Education (years of schooling)|||| | ||||||||||||||||
| ≤1 | 1·0 | – | 1·0 | – | 1·0 | – | 1·0 | – | 1·0 | – | 1·0 | – | 1·0 | – | 1·0 | – |
| 2–4 | 1·2 | 1·0, 1·4 | 1·2 | 1·0, 1·4 | 1·3 | 1·1, 1·5 | 0·9 | 0·8, 1·1 | 1·3 | 1·0, 1·7 | 1·6 | 0·6, 4·3 | 1·0 | 0·6, 1·6 | 1·8 | 1·1, 2·8 |
| 5–8 | 1·3 | 1·1, 1·5 | 1·4 | 1·2, 1·6 | 1·3 | 1·1, 1·5 | 0·9 | 0·7, 1·0 | 1·4 | 1·1, 1·9 | 1·5 | 0·6, 3·8 | 1·3 | 0·8, 2·1 | 2·2 | 1·4, 3·6 |
| 9–12 | 1·2 | 1·0, 1·5 | 1·4 | 1·2, 1·7 | 1·7 | 1·5, 2·0 | 0·9 | 0·7, 1·0 | 1·5 | 1·1, 2·1 | 1·6 | 0·7, 4·0 | 1·2 | 0·7, 2·1 | 2·6 | 1·6, 4·3 |
| ≥13 | 1·0 | 0·8, 1·3 | 1·2 | 1·0, 1·6 | 1·9 | 1·6, 2·4 | 0·9 | 0·7, 1·1 | 2·7 | 1·9, 3·9 | 2·8 | 1·1, 7·1 | 2·1 | 1·2, 3·8 | 3·1 | 1·8, 5·3 |
| Region | ||||||||||||||||
| North | 1·0 | – | 1·0 | – | 1·0 | – | 1·0 | – | 1·0 | – | 1·0 | – | 1·0 | – | 1·0 | – |
| Northeast | 0·8 | 0·7, 1·0 | 1·0 | 0·8, 1·1 | 1·2 | 1·0, 1·3 | 1·3 | 1·1, 1·5 | 1·3 | 0·9, 1·8 | 0·7 | 0·3, 1·3 | 1·0 | 0·6, 1·6 | 1·4 | 0·9, 2·1 |
| Southeast | 0·7 | 0·6, 0·8 | 1·4 | 1·2, 1·7 | 0·8 | 0·6, 0·9 | 1·4 | 1·2, 1·7 | 1·7 | 1·1, 2·4 | 2·1 | 1·1, 3·9 | 1·2 | 0·7, 1·9 | 2·1 | 1·4, 3·2 |
| South | 0·8 | 0·7, 1·0 | 1·1 | 1·0, 1·4 | 0·9 | 0·8, 1·1 | 1·2 | 1·0, 1·4 | 5·1 | 3·5, 7·3 | 2·6 | 1·3, 5·0 | 1·4 | 0·9, 2·4 | 2·4 | 1·5, 3·7 |
| Central, West | 0·6 | 0·5, 0·7 | 1·0 | 0·8, 1·2 | 1·0 | 0·9, 1·2 | 1·4 | 1·2, 1·7 | 1·7 | 1·1, 2·6 | 2·4 | 1·1, 4·8 | 1·5 | 0·9, 2·5 | 1·9 | 1·2, 3·0 |
| Location | ||||||||||||||||
| Rural | 1·0 | – | 1·0 | – | 1·0 | – | 1·0 | – | 1·0 | – | 1·0 | – | 1·0 | – | 1·0 | – |
| Urban | 0·6 | 0·6, 0·7 | 1·6 | 1·4, 1·9 | 1·2 | 1·1, 1·4 | 1·1 | 1·0, 1·3 | 1·1 | 0·8, 1·5 | 2·2 | 1·2, 4·2 | 2·1 | 1·3, 3·4 | 0·9 | 0·6, 1·2 |
| Place of eating | ||||||||||||||||
| At home only | 1·0 | – | 1·0 | – | 1·0 | – | 1·0 | – | 1·0 | – | 1·0 | – | 1·0 | – | 1·0 | – |
| At home and away from home | 0·9 | 0·8, 1·0 | 1·8 | 1·6, 2·0 | 1·3 | 1·2, 1·5 | 1·0 | 0·9, 1·1 | 0·9 | 0·7, 1·1 | 1·9 | 1·2, 2·9 | 1·2 | 0·9, 1·7 | 2·4 | 1·8, 3·2 |
Significant associations are indicated in bold.
Multivariate logistic regression models; dependent variables: consumption of each beverage group (no/yes); independent variables: sex, income, education level, eating location, region, urban–rural situation, total energy intake and age (continuous variable).
Includes sweetened coffee and cappuccino, sugar-sweetened coffee with milk and teas and infusions.
Includes sugar-sweetened flavoured drinks, flavoured drinks mix, cola and non-cola sodas, soya beverages, sport drinks, energy drinks.
Includes plain and sugar-sweetened fresh squeezed fruit juices.
Includes whole milk, plain soyamilk, milk + fruit-based smoothies, chocolate-flavoured milk, fermented milk, flavoured milk, whey-based beverages.
Includes plain coffee; unsweetened or artificially sweetened coffee with milk and teas and infusions.
Includes diet/light soda, artificially sweetened flavoured drink mix, light flavoured soya beverages.
Includes skimmed milk, low-fat milk, diet/light flavoured milk and powdered light soyamilk.
Includes beer, wine, liquors, mixed alcoholic drinks.
χ 2 for trend: P<0·01 for all beverage groups.