Table 1.
Maternal demography, vitamin D (vD) supplementation and sun index by city.
| Shanghai Latitude 31° N | Cincinnati Latitude 39° N | Mexico City Latitude 19° N | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean (SD)) | 29.3 (3.7) | 31.5 (5.2) | 24.4 (5.6) | 0.001 |
| Obese (BMI >30) (n (%)) | 1 (0.8) | 33 (28.0) | 5 (4.5) | 0.0001 |
| Education (n (%)), completed 4-y college | 69 (57.5) | 82 (68.3) | 5 (4.2) | 0.0001 |
| vD supplementation (n (%)) | 22 (18.3) | 94 (87.0) | 44 (35.2) | 0.0001 |
| Sun index (mean (SD)) | 10 (24) | 239 (301) | 0.87 (1.1) | 0.001 |
p-values by Fisher’s or the Kruskal–Wallis test.