Table 2.
Smokers’ cognition of smoking’s related hazards, Chongqing, China, 2011.
| Items | Basic Education (n = 67) | Secondary Education (n = 289) | Higher Education (n = 180) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smoking cause the following (mean, SD) | ||||
| Lung disease | 0.85 ± 0.36 | 0.96 ± 0.18 | 0.95 ± 0.22 | 0.0008 * |
| Oral cancer | 0.30 ± 0.46 | 0.64 ± 0.47 | 0.55 ± 0.49 | <0.0001 * |
| Heart disease | 0.25 ± 0.43 | 0.43 ± 0.49 | 0.40 ± 0.49 | 0.0172 * |
| Stroke | 0.06 ± 0.24 | 0.19 ± 0.39 | 0.27 ± 0.44 | 0.0008 * |
| Impotence | 0.09 ± 0.28 | 0.25 ± 0.43 | 0.30 ± 0.46 | 0.0021 * |
| Exposure to second-smoke cause the following (mean, SD) | ||||
| Lung cancer in non-smokers | 0.65 ± 0.47 | 0.77 ± 0.42 | 0.81 ± 0.39 | 0.0672 |
| Lung disease in children | 0.58 ± 0.49 | 0.78 ± 0.41 | 0.80 ± 0.39 | 0.0006 * |
| Heart disease | 0.26 ± 0.44 | 0.38 ± 0.48 | 0.46 ± 0.49 | 0.0190 * |
| Birth of low-weight babies when the pregnant mother has been exposed to cigarette smoking (mean, SD) | 0.46 ± 0.50 | 0.70 ± 0.45 | 0.66 ± 0.47 | 0.0009 * |
| Smoking causes serious harm to one’s health (mean, SD) | 0.74 ± 0.43 | 0.84 ± 0.36 | 0.87 ± 0.32 | 0.0422 * |
Notes: (1) * statistically significant (p < 0.05); (2) Every question’s highest score is 1, the lowest score is 0. The higher the score represents the knowledge of smoking is harm to health is better, the beliefs and attitudes are more positive, and the behavior is more conducive to health; (3) The correct cognition is choose “yes” and score of 1, incorrect cognition refers is choose “no” or “do not know”, and score of 0; (4) ANOVA was used to compare differences in continuous variables; (5) Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation.