Table 2.
Nutrition Policies and Practices by School Location, Free-Reduced Price Lunch (FRPL) Status: Average Adjusted Prevalence Differences (PD),a and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) from 2008-2012
| City PD (95% CI) compared town/rural | Suburb PD (95% CI) compared to town/rural | High % FRPL PD (95% CI) compared to low % FRPL | Medium % FRPL PD (95% CI) compared to low % FRPL | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Availability of LNEDb items | ||||
| Vending machine/ school store | −13.7 (−25.0, −2.3) | −3.1 (−10.7, 4.4) | −10.0 (−26.3, 6.3) | −0.1 (−6.9, 6.6) |
| Soda available | −8.1 (−24.2, 8.0) | 12.3 (0.6, 24.0) | −2.4 (−30.9, 26.0) | 1.1 (−9.1, 11.4) |
| Sports drinks available | −36.3 (−51.8, −20.7) | −9.2 (−17.3, −0.9) | 3.7 (−15.6, 22.9) | −2.6 (−9.9, 4.6) |
| Candy available | −5.6 (−22.3, 11.0) | 0.3 (−12.6, 13.2) | −9.4 (−33.1, 14.3) | 9.1 (−19.7, 1.5) |
| Salty snacks available | −31.6c (−53.1, −10.0) | −17.1c (−35.7, 1.5) | 4.9 (−20.3, 30.0) | −6.1 (−16.8, 4.6) |
| −11.8d (−28.2, 4.6) | −8.3d (−20.6, 4.0) | |||
| Healthy eating strategies | 8.9e (−12.9, 30.7) | 0.7e (−15.8, 17.2) | ||
| Pricing incentives | 6.2 (−7.4, 19.7) | 3.2 (−6.3, 12.7) | 10.7c (−22.8, 44.1) | 1.9c (−9.4, 13.3) |
| −6.7d (−27.4, 13.9) | −8.5d (−16.7, −0.2) | |||
| −21.9e (−41.5, −2.3) | −19.5e (−32.7, −6.2) | |||
| Food preferences of students | 0.9 (−12.2, 14.0) | −3.7 (−14.9, 7.4) | −11.4 (−34.9, 12.1) | −7.6 (−17.1, 1.9) |
| Info on nutrition content | 6.9 (−6.6, 20.5) | 6.2 (−4.6, 16.9) | −17.4 (−40.1, 5.2) | −5.9 (−15.2, 3.3) |
| Taste testing | 23.5c (2.5, 44.4) | 0.3c (−14.3, 14.8) | −5.8 (−22.9, 11.3) | −0.1 (−8.5, 8.4) |
| 12.2d (−1.5, 25.9) | 9.7d (−1.1, 20.5) | |||
| 0.9e (−15.7, 17.5) | 21.1e (5.9, 36.3) | |||
| Learning opportunities in cafeteria | 5.0 (−6.9, 16.8) | −0.8 (−10.0, 8.5) | −13.2 (−27.2, 0.8) | −3.7 (−12.2, 4.7) |
| Banned ads for LNED items | ||||
| In building | 17.7 (5.5, 29.9) | 6.3 (−4.8, 17.4) | −12.0 (−33.3, 9.5) | −7.7 (−16.4, 1.0) |
| On grounds | 15.6 (1.7, 29.5) | 16.1 (5.6, 26.7) | −0.5 (−23.1, 22.1) | −6.9 (−16.4, 2.6) |
| On bus | 7.9 (−5.0, 20.8) | 9.3 (−0.4, 19.0) | −4.2 (−24.2, 15.8) | −5.6 (−14.6, 3.5) |
| In school publications | 22.7c (6.9, 38.6) | 13.6c (−2.3, 29.5) | −2.7 (−24.1, 18.7) | −6.3 (−15.0, 2.4) |
| 6.4d (−8.3, 21.1) | 5.9d (−4.8, 16.7) | |||
| −15.1e (−34.1, 4.0) | −2.5e (−17.8, 12.8) |
a
All models adjusted for location (city, suburb, town/rural), FRPL eligibility (the percent students eligible to receive free/reduced price lunch), minority enrollment (the percent of non-white and/or Hispanic students enrolled at school) and school grade level (middle school, junior/senior high school, or high school). Bolded PDs are statistically significant at alpha = 0.05
b
Low-nutrient, energy-dense
c
2008
d
2010
e
2012