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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Dev Dyn. 2015 Jan 5;244(3):513–523. doi: 10.1002/dvdy.24232

Table 1.

Affected Genes Species Heart Phenotypes References
STRA6 Human Matthew-Wood sindrome: outflow tract-atrial and ventricular septal defects (Golzio et al., 2007; Pasutto et al., 2007)
Zebrafish Aberrant heart-reminiscent of increased RA signaling (Isken et al., 2008)
DHRS3 Mouse Outflow tract and septal defects (Billings et al., 2013)
RDH10 Mouse Looping defects, enlarged hearts, and edema (Sandell et al., 2012)
ALDH1A2 Mouse Looping defects, enlarged hearts, edema, increased cardiomyocyte specification (Niederreither et al., 1999; Ryckebusch et al., 2008; Sirbu et al., 2008)
Zebrafish Enlarged hearts due to increased cardiomyocyte specification (Keegan et al., 2005)
CYP26A1 Human DiGeorge and Klippel-feil; Outflow tract defects (Pennimpede et al., 2010)
Mouse Gross aberrant cardiac defects including looping defects (Abu et al., 2001; Emoto et al., 2005; Ribes et al., 2007)
CYP26A1; CYP26C1 Mouse Gross aberrant cardiac defects including looping defects (Uehara et al., 2007)
Zebrafish Abnormal heart with increased atrial CMs (Rydeen et al., 2014)
RARa2 Chicken Defects in cardiac inflow tract (Romeih et al., 2003)
RARγ Chicken Defects in asymmetric orientation and looping morphogenesis (Romeih et al., 2003)
RARal; RARβ Mouse Outflow tract and aortic arch abnormalities; persistent truncus arteriousus; dextroposed aorta; high ventricular septal defects; abnormal aortic arch pattern. (Mendelsohn et al., 1994; Li et al., 2010)
RARal; RARγ
RARab1 Zebrafish Enlarged hearts with increased cardiomyocyte specification (D’Aniello et al.,2013)