Table 1.
Smoking-related, non-CVD mortality and the relative risk used for smokers quoted by the US Surgeon General's report of 1989 based on the 4-year follow-up of the US Cancer Society's 50-state study (CPS-II) [17].
| Cause of death | Relative risk for smokers | |
| Males | Females | |
| COPD | 9.65 | 10.47 |
| Other Respiratory | 1.99 | 2.18 |
| Carcinoma Oesophagus | 7.6 | 10.25 |
| Carcinoma Pancreas | 2.14 | 2.33 |
| Carcinoma Larynx | 10.48 | 17.78 |
| Carcinoma Lung | 22.36 | 11.94 |
| Carcinoma Cervix | - | 2.14 |
| Carcinoma Kidney | 2.95 | 1.41 |
| Carcinoma Bladder/other urinary | 2.86 | 2.58 |
| Carcinoma Lip, Oral cavity, Pharynx | 27.48 | 5.59 |