Figure 3.

Fragmentation mechanisms revealed by time sequences of off-centre raindrop (mass M₀) impacts on a sessile drops (mass M₁) placed on several substrates at distance L₁ from their edge. (a) Crescent-moon splash on a rigid surface (·) at −1.25, 1.25, 2.5, 3.75, 6.25, 10 and 15 ms after impact. Insets represent front views showing the dark/green fluid (analogue of contaminated). (b) Crescent-moon splash on an artificial compliant leaf (•) at 1.25 and 7.5 ms after impact. (c) Inertial detachment on the same compliant leaf (•) at 62.5, 77.5, 92.5, 107.5 and 122.5 ms after impact. (d) Inertial detachment and catapult on a tomato leaf (t) at 30, 36.25, 40 ms after impact. The last frame represents a time superposition from 50 ms after impact. Scale bars, 5 mm. See electronic supplementary material, movies S5–S7. (Online version in colour.)