Temperature effect and ∆Cp determination. Under the conditions described in the legend to Fig. 2, IIAGlc binding to the WT LacY in the presence of melibiose was tested at 15, 20, 25, and 30 °C. Thermodynamic data are presented in Table 1; ∆G, ∆H, and −T∆S values are plotted against temperature and fitted with a linear function. The slope (∆H/∆T) is ∆Cp, which is negative (−1,566 J/mol⋅K).