Expression of OsFD1, GF14b, and OsMADS15 genes in the rice shoot apex during floral induction. (A–L) In situ localization of OsFD1 (A–D), GF14b (E–H), and OsMADS15 (I–L) mRNAs in the shoot apex of WT plants at stage V (A, E, and I), R1 (B, F, and J), and R3 (C, G, and K), probed by antisense probes. (D, H, and L) Hybridizations with sense probes at stage V are shown as negative controls. Arrowheads indicate the top of the SAM (V stage) or inflorescence meristem (R stages). (Scale bars, 50 µm.) (M) Expression levels of OsFD1 (Left), GF14b (Center), and OsMADS15 (Right) mRNAs relative to that of ubiquitin mRNA, measured by qPCR. Error bars indicate SD for three biological replicates.