Fig. 6.

Genes up-regulated during the early stage of floral induction. (A) Number and kinds of genes up-regulated during the early stage of floral induction. (B–F) Validation of selected protein-coding genes that were up-regulated by florigen. The ID and annotation of the validated genes are indicated to the left of graphs showing relative expression of the five indicated genes at the shoot apex, examined by RNA-seq and validated by qPCR. For RNA-seq, vegetative meristem of RNAi plants and reproductive meristem of WT plants are compared, and the expression in RNAi was set as 1 for normalization. For qPCR validation, meristems at vegetative (Veg.) and reproductive (Rep.) stages from WT plants were examined, and the expression in Veg. was set as 1 for normalization. Error bars indicate SD for three biological replicates. The graphs in Right display qPCR results from transient assays using rice protoplasts. Protoplasts were transfected with (+) or without (−) expression vectors for Hd3a and its mutants (Y, Y87H; R, the double mutation of R64K and R132K) and OsFD1. The expression levels of the indicated genes were examined. Expression levels in protoplasts lacking both Hd3a and OsFD1 expression vectors were set as 1 for normalization of the results from other combinations of transfected vectors. Error bars indicate SD for three biological replicates.