Table 2.
BI Score and Sample Characteristics at Baseline
| Characteristics | N (%) | BI Score | Age‐Adjusted Mean Difference (SE) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean±SD | ||||
| All | 3219 (100) | 97.1±8.1 | — | — |
| Age at baseline (mean±SD: 69±10), y | ||||
| <70 | 1686 (52) | 98.5±5.1 | Reference | |
| ≥70 | 1533 (48) | 95.6±10.2 | −2.93 (0.28) | <0.0001 |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 2027 (63) | 96.4±9.1 | Reference | |
| Male | 1192 (37) | 98.4±5.8 | 1.50 (0.29) | <0.0001 |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Non‐Hispanic white | 690 (21) | 97.1±8.8 | Reference | |
| Non‐Hispanic black | 803 (25) | 96.7±8.4 | −0.85 (0.41) | 0.04 |
| Hispanic | 1726 (54) | 97.4±7.6 | −1.29 (0.37) | 0.0004 |
| High school education or higher | ||||
| No | 1763 (55) | 96.7±8.8 | Reference | |
| Yes | 1456 (45) | 97.7±7.0 | 1.15 (0.28) | <0.0001 |
| Medicaid or uninsured | ||||
| No | 1783 (56) | 98.0±6.3 | Reference | |
| Yes | 1436 (44) | 96.1±9.8 | −2.71 (0.28) | <0.0001 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Other | 2200 (68) | 96.6±9.0 | Reference | |
| Married | 1018 (32) | 98.3±5.5 | 0.99 (0.30) | 0.001 |
| Number of friends | ||||
| <3 | 481 (15) | 94.8±12.6 | Reference | |
| 3+ | 2737 (85) | 97.6±6.9 | 2.37 (0.39) | <0.0001 |
| Moderate alcohol use | ||||
| No | 2160 (67) | 96.5±9.1 | Reference | |
| Yes | 1059 (33) | 98.5±5.0 | 1.49 (0.29) | <0.0001 |
| Depression | ||||
| No | 2890 (90) | 97.6±7.1 | Reference | |
| Yes | 329 (10) | 93.4±13.5 | −4.35 (0.45) | <0.0001 |
| History of coronary artery disease | ||||
| No | 2530 (79) | 97.5±7.7 | Reference | |
| Yes | 689 (21) | 95.7±9.2 | −1.16 (0.34) | 0.0006 |
| History of peripheral vascular disease | ||||
| No | 2711 (84) | 97.5±7.6 | Reference | |
| Yes | 508 (16) | 95.0±9.8 | −2.55 (0.37) | <0.0001 |
| No. of ideal CVH metrics | ||||
| 0 to 1 | 633 (20) | 96.5±8.9 | Reference | |
| 2 | 1037 (32) | 97.0±8.2 | 0.61 (0.39) | 0.12 |
| 3 | 960 (30) | 97.1±8.5 | 0.92 (0.40) | 0.02 |
| 4 | 447 (14) | 98.3±6.1 | 2.26 (0.48) | <0.0001 |
| 5 to 7 | 142 (4) | 98.1±5.1 | 1.56 (0.72) | 0.03 |
| Score of CVH metrics | ||||
| 0 to 5 | 718 (22) | 96.1±9.4 | Reference | |
| 6 | 528 (16) | 96.8±8.3 | 0.91 (0.45) | 0.04 |
| 7 | 623 (19) | 96.8±9.2 | 0.90 (0.43) | 0.03 |
| 8 | 550 (17) | 97.5±7.3 | 1.64 (0.44) | 0.0002 |
| 9 to 13 | 800 (25) | 98.2±5.7 | 2.56 (0.40) | <0.0001 |
BI indicates Barthel index; CVH, cardiovascular health.