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. 2014 Jun 6;64(3):459–468. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307213

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Transformed clones show increased stem/progenitor cell marker expression. (A) Genes for haematopoietic stem/progenitor cell markers Ly6e and Ly6a are significantly upregulated in transformed clones compared with untreated YAMC cells. (B) The percentage of Ly6A/E-positive cells is increased in 9 out of 10 transformed clones compared with untreated YAMC controls. (C) A representative histogram shows increased Ly6A/E expression in transformed clones H3 and M13 compared with untreated YAMC cells. (D) Immunofluorescent staining shows Ly6A/E-positive cells (red) in the M11 allograft tumour (20×, left) with nuclei counterstained using 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (blue); inflamed and neoplastic epithelial cells (middle) strongly stain for Ly6A/E in colon from Enterococcus faecalis-colonised Il10^−/− mice (20×); no Ly6A/E expression in normal colon epithelia from sham-colonised Il10^−/− mice (right) although a few positively stained immune cells are visible in the lamina propria (20×). (E) Strong staining (brown) for Dclk1 is seen in epithelial and lamina propria cells from inflamed and dysplastic colons of E. faecalis-colonised Il10^−/− mice (20×; left); minimal staining is seen in colon biopsies from sham-colonised mice (20×; right); inset (60×) shows rare Dclk1⁺ colon crypt cells, most likely representing tuft cells.