Table 1.

Demographics of participants at baseline comparing cognitive groups

	Cognitive group
	Normal (n=48)	Impaired (n=64)	p Value*
Age, mean (SD), years	80.0 (3.8)	81.2 (3.9)	0.11
Gender, n (%) men	20 (42)	30 (47)	0.58
Years full-time education, median (IQR)	11 (10–13)	10 (9–11)	<0.001
Depression score, GDS-15, median (IQR)	2 (1–3.75)	3 (1–5)	0.03
Cognition score, ACE-R, mean (SD)	92.3 (2.9)	77.2 (9.0)	<0.001
VFQ-25, mean (SD)	79.9 (12.5)	77.3 (14.9)	0.34
logMAR VA, mean (SD)	0.13 (0.09)	0.21 (0.17)	0.002
AMD grade, median (IQR)	0 (0–1)	0 (0–0)	0.45
Cataract grade, mean (SD)	3.48 (0.54)	3.60 (0.69)	0.33

*p Value refers to independent t test, Pearson-χ² or Mann–Whitney U as appropriate. Note, that higher GDS-15 scores represent poorer mood, higher ACE-R scores represent higher cognition, higher VFQ-25 scores represent better functioning, higher logMAR scores represent worse VA, higher AMD grade indicates more macular changes and higher cataract grade represents more dense cataract.

ACE-R, Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination; AMD, age-related macular degeneration; GDS-15, 15 item Geriatric Depression Score; logMAR, logarithm of minimum angle of resolution; VA, visual acuity; VFQ-25,25-item Visual Functioning Questionnaire.