Table 2. Summary of multiple hierarchical regression analyses regressing Time 2 Internet addiction symptoms on Time 1 Internet addiction symptoms criterion variables, demographics, gratifications, and social media use.

Predictors at Time 1	Internet addiction symptoms at Time 2
	Internet addiction (composite)		Preference for online		Loss of control		Preoccupation		Withdrawal		Negative life consequence
	β	ΔR2	β	ΔR2	β	ΔR2	β	ΔR2	β	ΔR2	β	ΔR2
Step 1:		0.26***		0.28***		0.22***		0.23***		0.22***		0.16***
T1 scores of criterion	0.51***		0.53***		0.47***		0.48***		0.47***		0.36***
Gender (male = 1)	−0.09		0.01		−0.07		−0.05		−0.04		0.11*
Age	0.04		−0.01		0.06		0.09		0.02		−0.06
Education	0.07		−0.03		0.08		0.08		0.02		−0.06
Step 2: T1 gratifications		0.04**		0.01***		0.07***		0.02***		0.03***		0.07***
Status-gaining	0.03		0.11*		−0.04		0.02		0.17***		0.15**
Entertainment	0.22***		−0.01		0.17**		0.17***		−0.03		0.06
Expressing opinions	0.04		−0.01		−0.00		0.01		0.04		0.03
Identity experimentation	0.05		0.07		−0.03		0.10		0.01		0.12*
Information-seeking	0.07		−0.04		0.10*		0.00		−0.01		−0.04
Passing time	0.09		0.04		0.12*		0.04		0.03		0.12*
Step 3: T1 social media use		0.02***		0.01***		0.02***		0.02***		0.00		0.00
IM	0.13***		0.04		0.13**		0.14**		0.07		0.07
Blogs	0.03		0.02		−0.02		0.05		−0.03		−0.03
Facebook use	−0.00		0.04		0.01		0.04		0.06		−0.04
Online games	0.01		0.09*		−0.03		−0.02		−0.02		0.08
R2		0.32		0.30		0.31		0.27		0.25		0.23
Adjusted R2		0.31		0.29		0.30		0.26		0.24		0.22
F		42.21***		50.25***		32.98***		46.25***		59.96***		22.36***

Note: N = 417.

***p < .001.

**p < .01.

*p < .05.