Table 3. Non-RCT non-CBT interventions in depression.

Lipman et al., (2011)	15 lone mothers were recruited and involved in a pilot study to improve coping and mood using Web-based video conference group cognitive therapy. Assessments included Center for epidemiological Studies Depression Scale [CES-D], Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Social Provisions Scale and Parenting Stress Index-Short Form at pre and post was done. In addition, a focus group discussion of seven women was also carried out	Group video conferencing involving cognitive behavioral techniques and structured group counseling that included both child and maternal themes	Nonsignificant improvements were observed in all measures. However, qualitative analysis of the technique was overwhelmingly positive	Small sample size
				The provision of a free computer and free Internet for a year may have influenced participants to be positive about the intervention
Van Voorhees et al., (2005)	14 late adolescents (ages 18–24) with at least one risk factor for developing depression (personal or family history of a depressive episode) were included. Assessments included Center for Epidemiologic Studies of Depression Scale (CES-D), Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire Revised (ATQ), and Social Support Questionnaire – Short Form, (SSQ-6)	The intervention included an initial motivational interview in primary care, 11 Web-based modules based on CBT and IPT and a follow-up motivational interview in primary care to enhance behavior change	Moderate effect sizes in depressive symptoms (0.43) and low effect sizes on the other two measures were noted (0.17–0.27)	Small sample size
				No active comparator
Andersson, Hesser, Hummerdal, et al. (2013)	3.5-year post-treatment follow-up of two versions of ICBT (Internet-delivered self-help vs. e-mail therapy) for mild to moderate depression on 51 participants. Assessed with the 21-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), 21-item Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the Quality of Life Inventory (QOLI)		The pre-treatment to 3.5-year follow-up within-group effect size was d = 1.7 for guided self-help and d = 1.5 for e-mail therapy on the BDI showing a sustained response. Mild improvements noted on QOLI	Dropout rate was 42%
				Not controlled for additional treatment
Mohr et al. (2010)	19 patients with depression (10 and above on the PHQ-8) received the “moodManager”, which was based on cognitive behavioral principles and consisted of six learning modules and four tools and was monitored by a coach. Assessed with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), Personal Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Perceived Barriers to Psychological Treatment (PBPT), GAD scale (GAD-7), Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS) and the 10 self-report items from the Positive Affect Scale of the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS)	Learning modules (and associated tools) included the following: (1) “Getting Started”, which was an introduction to the basic principles of CBT; (2) “Monitoring Activities”, which described the relationship between activities and mood and introduced the “Activity Diary” tool, which allowed participants to track and rate daily activities; (3) “Scheduling Positive Activities”, which taught participants to use the “Activity Scheduler”, a tool used to plan and schedule positive activities; (4) “Identifying Thoughts”, which described the effects of thoughts on mood and taught participants to use the “Thought Diary” tool to monitor automatic thoughts; (5) “Challenging Thoughts”, which expanded the Thought Diary tool by teaching participants to develop alternative thoughts; (6) “Maintaining Gains”, which summarized the skills learned and encouraged participants to continue using the tools for relapse prevention	Within-group effect size was high (1.34 for HRSD, 1.96 for PHQ 9, 1.70 for GAD-7) at the end point.	No comparator group
				Small sample