Figure 13.

Effect of cell curvature on membrane-bound trajectories. (a) The purple and green paths are the same length on the surface of the cell, but the green path appears shorter than the purple path when projected onto the imaging plane (represented by the blue surface) due to the curvature of the cell membrane; (b) 200 two-dimensional random walks on the surface of a cylinder; (c) A projection of the walks in (b) onto a simulated two-dimensional detector shows a large degree of distortion at the edges of the projection due to the curved nature of the cell membrane. Figure from reference [46].