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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 31.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Med. 2014 Oct 15;128(2):171–180.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.09.023

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Venn diagram for cardiopulmonary diagnoses, according to study test results, among participants with self-reported dyspnea (N=173).

Abnormal values were defined as follows: airflow obstruction as the ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC) < 0.7; restrictive ventilatory defect as percent predicted FVC less than 80% with a normal FEV1/FVC ratio; emphysema as percent emphysema > upper limit of normal; and elevated NT-proBNP as > 300 pg/ml.

Findings were similar when airflow obstruction was defined as FEV1/FVC < lower limit of normal, except the number of participants with airflow obstruction was smaller (N=26).