Table 1.
Characteristics of children in Analysis I
| Characteristic | Enrolled N=1,076 |
|---|---|
| n (%a) Median (IQR) | |
| Sociodemographic | |
| Site | |
| Kisii | 513 (47.7%) |
| Homa Bay | 563 (52.3%) |
| ≥1 hour to get to hospital | 177(16.5%) |
| Child accompanied by | |
| Biological mother | 998 (92.8%) |
| Biological father | 53 (4.9%) |
| Legal guardian | 25 (2.3%) |
| Monthly household income <5,000 Kenyan Shillings | 429(40.0%) |
| Household owns ≥ cow | 475(44.3%) |
| # persons/room | 2(1–3) |
| Water source | |
| Piped in house or yard or public tap | 391 (36.5%) |
| Protected well/spring | 456 (42.5%) |
| Unprotected well/spring/surface water | 149 (13.9%) |
| Other b | 76 (7.1%) |
| Household treats drinking water | 795(73.9%) |
| Flush toilet | 75(7.0%) |
| Male | 576(53.5%) |
| Age | |
| 6m–2yr | 585 (54.4%) |
| >2yr–5yr | 367 (34.1%) |
| >5yr | 124(11.5%) |
| Clinical Presentation | |
| 1 or more IMCI General Danger Sign c | 335(31.3%) |
| Moderate to severe diarrhea d | 315(29.3%) |
| Blood observed in stool | 14(1.3%) |
| Mucous in stool | 509(47.3%) |
| Stunted (HAZ<−2) | 171(16.9%) |
| Wastede (WHZ<−2) | 202(21.4%) |
| MUAC <12.5 | 86(8.0%) |
| Malariaf | 106(9.9%) |
| Current fever (≥37.5°C) | 362(33.6%) |
| Clinical History | |
| Child ever breastfed | 1086(98.9%) |
| Child currently breast-feedingamong children less than 2 years | 452(77.4%) |
| # months exclusively breastfed | 6.0(4–6) |
| HIV positive | 56(5.2%) |
| New diagnosis | 25 |
| Known status | 31 |
| Immunosuppressed g | 19(35.9%) |
| HIV-exposed uninfected h | 105(11.3%) |
% among those with non-missing data
Tube well or borehole (n=18), rainwater (n=55), cart with small tank (n=1), bottled water (n=2)
Defined as not able to drink or breastfeed, convulsions, vomits everything, lethargic or unconscious [22]
One or more of the following; sunken eyes, loss of skin turgor, intravenous hydration administered or prescribed, visible blood in stool, or hospital admission based on diarrhea or dysentery [2]
Only calculated for children 5 years and younger
Positive result on microscopy alone (n=8), on RDT alone (n=5) or both RDT and microscopy (n=93)
Defined in terms of CD4% (age ≤11 months: <25%, 12 months–35 months: <20%, 36+ months: <15%) or, in absence of CD4 % data, in terms of CD4 count (age ≤11 months: <1500 cells/mm3, 12 months–35 months: <750 cells/mm3, 36+ months <350 cells/mm3)
Among 926 HIV-uninfected children who were accompanied by the biological mother who was HIV-infected