Table 3.

The association between chronic hypertension (treated and untreated) and congenital malformations compared with normotensive controls. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals shown.

	Treated chronic hypertensives		Untreated chronic hypertensives
	Unadjusted	PS-matched	Unadjusted	PS-matched
Composite congenital malformations Organ-specific malformation	1.7 (1.6 to 1.9)	1.3 (1.2 to 1.5)	1.5 (1.4 to 1.6)	1.2 (1.1 to 1.3)
Central nervous system malformations	2.0 (1.3 to 3)	1.4 (0.8 to 2.3)	1.4 (0.9 to 2.1)	1.2 (0.7 to 1.9)
Malformations of the eye, ear, neck, or face	0.9 (0.5 to 1.7)	0.8 (0.4 to 1.8)	1.1 (0.7 to 1.9)	1.2 (0.7 to 2.1)
Cardiac malformations	2.6 (2.3 to 3)	1.6 (1.4 to 1.9)	2.1 (1.9 to 2.3)	1.5 (1.3 to 1.7)
Respiratory malformations	1.8 (1.2 to 2.7)	1.5 (0.9 to 2.4)	1.4 (0.9 to 2)	1.3 (0.8 to 2.1)
Cleft palate and lip	1.3 (0.7 to 2.3)	1.3 (0.6 to 2.6)	1.1 (0.7 to 1.9)	1.1 (0.6 to 2.1)
Gastrointestinal malformations	1.1 (0.8 to 1.5)	1.0 (0.7 to 1.5)	1.1 (0.9 to 1.4)	1.0 (0.7 to 1.3)
Genitourinary malformations	1.4 (1.1 to 1.8)	1.1 (0.8 to 1.5)	1.3 (1.1 to 1.7)	1.1 (0.9 to 1.5)
Musculoskeletal malformations	1.1 (0.9 to 1.4)	0.9 (0.7 to 1.2)	1.0 (0.8 to 1.2)	0.8 (0.7 to 1.1)
Other malformations	1.8 (1.3 to 2.4)	1.6 (1.1 to 2.3)	1.1 (0.8 to 1.5)	1.0 (0.7 to 1.4)