Regeneration of CTB-labeled DRG axons into BMSC grafts one month after C4 lesion. Control, sham operated animals or those injected in the sciatic nerve with PBS (A) show little regeneration of ascending dorsal column sensory axons. The significant regeneration observed after peripheral nerve crush (B) is dwarfed by the regeneration induced by 0.1%wt/vol EtBr injection (C). (D) Injection of 1%wt/vol LPC has a more limited effect than EtBr on sensory axon regeneration. (E) Quantification of CTB-labeled regenerated axon profiles shows a 7.1-fold increase in regeneration of EtBr treated neurons over PBS controls, 2.7-fold more regenerated axons than observed after peripheral nerve crush (ANOVA P<0.0001, Bonferroni corrected post-hoc t-test *P<0.05, **P<0.0001; n=5 (Sham, LPC), 6 (PBS, EtBr, Crush)). (F, G) 0.1%wt/vol EtBr sciatic injection promotes greater neurite outgrowth than contralateral sciatic nerve crush when NF200+ L4 and L5 DRG neurons are dissociated and cultured at 7 or 28 days after injury (paired two-tailed t-test *P<0.05; n=3 animals/time point, >100 neurons per data point). Data presented as mean±s.e.m. Scale bars represent 50μm (A-D) and 100μm (F).