Table 1.

DNA methylation biomarkers in blood and stool samples of colorectal cancer patients.

Biomarkers	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)	References
Blood Samples
SEPT9 (commercially available biomarker)	72	90	[77]
	90	89	[78]
hMLH1	43	98	[82]
	33	100	[79]
CDKN2A/p16	71	100	[86]
	70	100	[80]
HTLF	34	98	[82]
ALX4	83	70	[83]
TMEFF2/HPP1	65	69	[76]
NGFR	51	84	[76]
NEUROG1	52 (stage I)	91	[84]
	64 (stage II)
SFRP2	67	94	[85]
RUNX3	65	100	[86]
Stool Samples
VIM (commercially available biomarker)	88	82	[90]
	72	89	[91]
	46	90	[92]
SFRP2	87	93	[93]
	77–90	77	[94]
TFPI2	76–89	79–93	[95]
GATA4	51–71	84–93	[96]
NDRG4	53–61	93–100	[97]
CDKN2A/MGMT/hMLH1 *	55	72	[98]
SFRP2/HPP1/MGMT *	96	96	[74]
ITGA4/SFRP2/CDKN2A *	70	97	[99]

hMLH1: Homo mutL homolog 1; CDKN2A: Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A; HLTF: Helicase-like transcription factor; ALX4: ALX homeobox 4; TMEFF2: Transmembrane protein with EGF-like and two follistatin-like domains 2; HPP1: Hyperplastic polyposis 1; NGFR: Nerve growth factor receptor; NEUROG1: Neurogenin 1; SFRP2: Secreted frizzled-related protein 2; RUNX3: Runt-related transcription factor 3; MGMT: O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase; TFPI2: Tissue pathway inhibitor 2; GATA4: GATA binding protein 4; NDRG4: N-myc downstream regulator gene 4; ITGA4: integrin, alpha 4; * The values do not refer to comethylation.