SIN-HCl blocked LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine release and increased autophagy in peritoneal macrophages (PM). (A) Primary PM were cultured for 12 h with LPS (100 ng/mL), SIN-HCl (100 mM), or a combination of these two reagents (as indicated). The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in culture media were measured. **
p < 0.01 when compared with PBS group, n ≥ 6; #
p < 0.05 when compared with the LPS group, n ≥ 6; (B) Primary PM were treated with LPS (100 ng/mL), SIN-HCl (100 mM), or a combination of these two reagents (as indicated) for 12 h before immunofluorescent detection of LC3 protein using an anti-LC3 antibody, Scale bar = 10 μm and (C) Autophagosomes per cell in PM were counted in at least 30 cells. **
p < 0.01 when compared with PBS group, n ≥ 4; #
p < 0.05 when compared with the LPS group, n ≥ 4.