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. 2015 Jan 23;16(2):2559–2573. doi: 10.3390/ijms16022559

Figure 4.

Figure 4

SIN-HCl blocked LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine release and increased autophagy in peritoneal macrophages (PM). (A) Primary PM were cultured for 12 h with LPS (100 ng/mL), SIN-HCl (100 mM), or a combination of these two reagents (as indicated). The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in culture media were measured. ** p < 0.01 when compared with PBS group, n ≥ 6; # p < 0.05 when compared with the LPS group, n ≥ 6; (B) Primary PM were treated with LPS (100 ng/mL), SIN-HCl (100 mM), or a combination of these two reagents (as indicated) for 12 h before immunofluorescent detection of LC3 protein using an anti-LC3 antibody, Scale bar = 10 μm and (C) Autophagosomes per cell in PM were counted in at least 30 cells. ** p < 0.01 when compared with PBS group, n ≥ 4; # p < 0.05 when compared with the LPS group, n ≥ 4.