Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of study populations.
| Factors | CHF (n = 300) | Controls (n = 400) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 61.41 ± 12.506 | 60.33 ± 8.558 | 0.177 a |
| Males/females | 175/125 | 211/189 | 0.142 b |
| Hypertension | 172 (57.33%) | 122 (30.50%) | <0.001 b |
| Dyslipidemia | 84 (28.00%) | 81 (20.25%) | 0.017 b |
| Diabetes | 104 (34.67%) | 67 (16.75%) | <0.001 b |
| Smoking | 91 (30.33%) | 62 (15.50%) | <0.001 b |
| NYHA class | |||
| II | 94 (31.33%) | ||
| III | 117 (39.00%) | ||
| IV | 89 (29.67%) |
CHF, chronic heart failure; NYHA, New York Heart Association. a p values were calculated by separate variance estimation t-test as variance between the two group is not neat; b p value was calculated from two-sided χ2-test.