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ROS/RNS induce strand breaks in DNA: (a) ●OH radical-induced products of the deoxyribose sugar in DNA (adapted from [102] with permission from Elsevier, Inc., 1991); and (b) ROS-induced SSBs containing blocked termini such as 3′-phosphoglycolate, 3′-phosphate, 5′-OH and 5′-deoxyribosephosphate (adapted from [131], 2014).
