Table 1.
Summary of published cases of HGT involving MGCs.
| MGC | Donora | Recipienta | No. genesb | Function | References | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D | R | T | C | |||||
| ACE1 biosynthesis | Magnaporthe | Aspergillus | 15 | 6 | 5 | 6 | SM production | Khaldi et al., 2008c |
| Bikaverin biosynthesis | Fusarium | Botrytis | 6 | 6 | 6 | na | SM production | Campbell et al., 2012, 2013 |
| fHANT-AC for nitrate assimilation | Oomycetes | Dikarya | 3 | 3d | 3 | 2 | Nutrient acquisition | Slot and Hibbett, 2007 |
| fHANT-AC for nitrate assimilation | Ustilago | Trichoderma | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2e | Nutrient acquisition | Slot and Hibbett, 2007 |
| Fumonisin biosynthesis | Fusarium | Aspergillus | 16 | 11 | 2 | na | SM production | Khaldi and Wolfe, 2011 |
| Fumonisin biosynthesis | Repeated transfer of 16–17-gene cluster between Fusarium spp.f | SM production | Proctor et al., 2013 | |||||
| GAL utilization | Candida | Schizosaccharomyces | 5–6 | 3–4 | 4 | 4 | Nutrient acquisition | Slot and Rokas, 2010 |
| Gentisate catabolism | Between Cochliobolus and Magnaporthe grass pathogensg | 6 | 6 | 6 | na | Protection/defense | Greene et al., 2014 | |
| Gliotoxin and related ETP toxins | Multiple HGTs within Pezizomycotina | unknownh | 18i | SM production | Patron et al., 2007j | |||
| Sterigmatocystin biosynthesis | Aspergillus | Podospora | 23 | 24 | 23 | 23 | SM production | Slot and Rokas, 2011 |
| Tyrosine degredation | Exophiala | Baudoinia | 5 | 8 | 4 | na | Protection/defense | Greene et al., 2014 |
Donor and recipient taxonomic clade based on taxon sampling of each study.
Number of MCG genes, where column D is the number of genes in the existing MGC in the donor lineage, R is the number of genes in the existing MGC in the recipient lineage, T is the number of gene trees supporting MGC-HGT reported by the original reference, and C is the number of gene trees supporting MGC-HGT confirmed by Richards et al. (2011).
See also Moore et al. (2014) which argues that extensive gene duplication and loss could also explain the ACE1 gene phylogenies.
Genes are not clustered in some fungal lineages.
Reported phylogenies for nitrate reductase and the high affinity nitrate transporter.
Transfers inferred based on phylogenetic incongruence between accepted species phylogeny and supermatrix tree of concatenated genes in fumonisin MGC.
Insufficient phylogenetic evidence to infer the direction of HGT event.
Patron et al. (2007) lists two possible patterns of MGC inheritance: one via HGT and the other via vertical inheritance involving multiple gene duplications and losses.
Richards et al. (2011) does not reject the hypothesis of HGT, but states that the extensive differences between the gene histories and the species phylogeny make it difficult to differentiate between HGT over complex gene loss.
See also Ballester et al. (2014) which describes phylogenetic patterns indicative of HGT in the ETP MCG in Penicillium expansum and Penicillium roqueforti.