Table 1.

Principal molecular effects of amyloid peptides on platelets.

Amyloid peptide	Molecular effects on platelets	References
Aβ1–40	promotes platelet aggregation	Herczenik et al. (2007)
	promotes ROS formation, caspase activation, annexin V exposition and membrane scrambling	Gowert et al. (2014)
	promotes platelet adhesion under static and dynamic flow conditions	Canobbio et al. (2013), Gowert et al. (2014)
	increases platelet adhesion in an injured carotid artery model	Gowert et al. (2014)
	modulates soluble Aβ into fibrillar Aβ	Gowert et al. (2014)
	recruits platelets to vascular amyloid plaques	Gowert et al. (2014)
Aβ25–35	induces platelet adhesion in static conditions	Canobbio et al. (2013)
	fastens platelet spreading over collagen	Canobbio et al. (2013)
	increases platelet spreading over fibrinogen	Sonkar et al. (2014)
	increases adhesion to collagen under shear	Canobbio et al. (2014), Sonkar et al. (2014)
	promotes platelet aggregation	Shen et al. (2008b), Canobbio et al. (2014), Sonkar et al. (2014)
	potentiates platelet aggregation induced by collagen and ADP	Shen et al. (2008a)
	promotes Ca2+ mobilization and granule secretion	Galeazzi et al. (2000), Canobbio et al. (2014), Sonkar et al. (2014),
	activates PLC and PKC	Shen et al. (2008b)
	activates Syk, PI3K/Akt, MAP kinases	Canobbio et al. (2013, 2014)
	induces RhoA and Rap1b activation	Canobbio et al. (2014), Sonkar et al. (2014)
	induces Rap1b and integrin activation	Canobbio et al. (2014), Sonkar et al. (2014)
	triggers hydroxyl radical formation	Shen et al. (2008b)
	induces clot retraction	Sonkar et al. (2014)
	shortens platelet plug formation in mesenteric venules in mice	Shen et al. (2008b)
	induces thrombus formation in a model of pulmonary thromboembolism	Sonkar et al. (2014)