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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Mar 3.
Published in final edited form as: Neuroimage. 2010 Jun 1;53(1):65–77. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.05.063

Figure 1. Simulated data and comparison of dynamic and standard MAR approach.

Figure 1

Illustration of non-stationary fMRI time series simulation process, where time series A causes time series B (a); spectrograms of GPDC (both directions) obtained by performing dynamic MAR model based on Kalman filtering before and after smoothing procedure (b); median frequency profiles of GPDC for dynamic MAR and time-invariant MAR estimates (c). The dashed line shows upper bound of 95 % confidence interval under the hypothesis of no connectivity between the components.