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. 2015 Jan 13;64:74–82. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.01.007

Table 2.

HRV species and clinical symptoms and severity by age group.

Children (age <18 years old) (n = 22)
 Adults (age ≥18 years old) (n = 62)
HRV-A
(n = 9)		 HRV-C
(n = 13)		 Pa HRV-A
(n = 45)		 HRV-B
(n = 11)		 HRV-C
(n = 6)		 Pb
Med N (%)d Med N (%)d Med N (%)d Med N (%)d Med N (%)d
Upper respiratory symptoms
Sneezing 0, 4 (44.4) 1, 9 (69.2) 0.59 1, 34 (75.6) 1, 7 (63.6) 1.5, 4 (66.7) 0.85
Sore throatc 0, 3 (37.5) 0, 1 (10.0) 0.22 2, 41 (91.1) 2, 9 (81.8) 3, 6 (100) 0.08
Earachec 0, 1 (11.1) 0, 1 (10.0) 0.87 1, 24 (53.3) 0, 3 (27.3) 1, 4 (66.7) 0.17
Runny nose 2, 9 (100) 2, 11 (84.6) 0.86 2, 41 (91.1) 3, 10 (90.9) 2, 5 (83.3) 0.85
Cough 2, 9 (100) 2, 13 (100) 1.00 2, 44 (97.8) 1, 10 (90.9) 2, 6 (100) 0.17
Hoarseness 0, 4 (44.4) 0, 2 (15.4) 0.12 1, 35 (77.8) 1, 8 (72.7) 2, 5 (83.3) 0.81



Lower respiratory symptoms
Shortness of breath 0, 1 (11.1) 0, 2 (15.4) 0.74 1, 30 (66.7) 0, 4 (36.4) 0, 2 (33.3) 0.12
Chest painc 0, 0 (0.0) 0, 0 (0.0) NA 0, 22 (48.9) 0, 5 (45.5) 0, 2 (33.3) 0.73



Gastroenteritis symptoms
Decreased appetite 2, 7 (77.8) 2, 12 (92.3) 0.19 2, 30 (66.7) 2, 7 (63.6) 2, 6 (100) 0.47
Vomiting 0, 1 (11.1) 0, 3 (23.1) 0.46 0, 9 (20.0) 0, 3 (27.3) 0, 0 (0.0) 0.43
Diarrhea 0, 1 (11.1) 0, 1 (7.7) 0.84 0, 11 (24.4) 0, 5 (45.5) 0, 2 (33.3) 0.57
Abdominal painc 0, 1 (11.1) 0, 0 (0.0) 0.26 0, 13 (28.9) 0, 5 (45.5) 1.5, 4 (66.7) 0.06



Systemic symptoms
Headachec 0, 2 (22.2) 0, 0 (0.0) 0.10 2, 36 (80.0) 2, 9 (81.8) 2.5, 6 (100) 0.33
Red eyes 0, 4 (44.4) 0, 6 (46.2) 0.82 0, 21 (46.7) 1, 6 (54.5) 1.5, 4 (66.7) 0.51
Chills 0, 0 (0.0) 0, 1 (7.7) 0.41 1, 37 (82.2) 1, 9 (81.8) 2, 4 (66.7) 0.68
Nauseac 0, 0 (0.0) 0, 1 (7.7) 0.37 0, 21 (46.7) 1, 7 (63.6) 1, 4 (66.7) 0.53
Joint painc 0, 0 (0.0) 0, 0 (0.0) NA 2, 34 (75.6) 2, 10 (90.9) 2, 5 (83.3) 0.09
Muscle achesc 0, 0 (0.0) 0, 0 (0.0) NA 2, 35 (77.8) 2, 9 (81.8) 2, 4 (66.7) 0.75
Fatigue 2, 6 (66.7) 2, 9 (69.2) 1.00 2, 43 (95.6) 2, 10 (90.9) 2, 5 (83.3) 0.83
Dizzinessc 0, 0 (0.0) 0, 0 (0.0) NA 0, 21 (46.7) 0, 5 (45.5) 1, 4 (66.7) 0.61



Potential lower respiratory tract involvement
Presence of self-reported LRT symptoms 1 (11.1) 2 (14.3) 1.00f 33 (73.3) 6 (54.5) 3 (50.0) 0.32f
Abnormal chest X-ray or PE finding 1 (16.7) 4 (30.8) 0.48f 5 (15.6) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0.74f
Did not have PE 3 1 13 2 2
Fever (>100.4 °F) 8 (88.9) 13 (92.9) 1.00f 11 (24.4) 2 (18.2) 2 (33.3) 0.79f
Hospitalizationd 0 (0.0) 1 (7.1) 0.41f 2 (4.4) 0 (0.0) 1 (16.7) 0.30f



Composite severity score (median (range), only available for adult ILI patients)
Upper respiratory symptoms 6 (6, 8) 6 (3, 7) 7 (6, 10) 0.15
Lower respiratory symptoms 5 (3, 7) 4 (2, 6) 4.5 (3, 7) 0.42
Systemic symptoms 6 (5, 9) 7 (4, 9) 7.5 (5, 9) 0.89
Total symptoms 18 (14, 22) 15 (13, 18) 18 (16, 22) 0.41



Days of reduced activitye 2 (2–3) 2 (2–2) 0.69 2 (1–3) 2 (1–2) 2 (1–3) 0.56

NA: not available.

P-value of chi-square test comparing score of HRV-B with HRV-A/C in adults was 0.02.

a

P-value of Wilcoxon rank-sum test comparing symptom scores and days of reduced activity between children with HRV-A and HRV-C.

b

P-value of Kruskal–Wallis test comparing symptom scores and days of reduced activity across three HRV species in adults.

c

One child with HRV-A and three with HRV-C did not respond to this question.

d

Med represents median severity score of the designated symptom. Number and proportion of patients reporting the designated symptom and hospitalization in each category.

e

Average of three respiratory symptoms (sore throat, cough and shortness of breath) and systemic symptoms (chills, muscle ache, headache, fatigue, and dizziness) with their standard deviations in parentheses.

f

P-value of Fisher’s exact test comparing the proportion of patients with the outcome across HRV species.