Table 2.
Regression results.
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equation (1): Y = admitted | Equation (2a): Y = cumulative GPA |
Equation (2b): Y = graduated within six years |
Equation (4): Y = student is a URM | ||||||||
| Coef. | Std. error |
Ave. marginal effect |
Coef. | Std. error |
Coef. | Std. error |
Ave. marginal effect |
Coef. | Std. error |
Ave. marginal effect |
|
| Student is an underrepresented minority | 0.751 | (0.087)*** | 14.8% | −0.058 | (0.025)*** | 0.019 | (0.057) | 0.6% | |||
| Student is Asian American | −0.074 | (0.043)* | −1.5% | −0.042 | (0.022)* | −0.013 | (0.055) | −0.4% | |||
| Student is from foreign country | −0.062 | (0.156) | −1.2% | 0.082 | (0.113) | 0.011 | (0.233) | 0.3% | |||
| Student’s SAT/ACT test score (in 100s of SAT points) | 0.648 | (0.030)*** | 12.8% | 0.024 | (0.009)*** | −0.042 | (0.018)** | −1.2% | −0.158 | (0.008)*** | −3.1% |
| Student’s high school class rank percentile | 0.039 | (0.005)*** | 0.8% | 0.022 | (0.001)*** | 0.028 | (0.002)*** | 0.8% | −0.001 | (0.001) | 0.0% |
| Student took Advanced Placement (AP) exam | 0.791 | (0.062)*** | 15.6% | 0.036 | (0.023) | 0.081 | (0.052) | 2.4% | −0.104 | (0.030)*** | −2.1% |
| Student scored 3+ on AP math exam | 0.508 | (0.157)*** | 10.0% | 0.096 | (0.023)*** | 0.172 | (0.060)*** | 5.0% | −0.122 | (0.039)*** | −2.4% |
| Student scored 3+ on AP science exam | 0.148 | (0.181) | 2.9% | −0.042 | (0.030) | −0.053 | (0.073) | −1.5% | −0.135 | (0.060)** | −2.7% |
| Student scored 3+ on AP foreign language exam | 0.313 | (0.149)** | 6.2% | 0.120 | (0.025)*** | 0.099 | (0.076) | 2.9% | 0.761 | (0.045)*** | 15.0% |
| Student scored 3+ on AP social science exam | 0.160 | (0.141) | 3.2% | 0.099 | (0.024)*** | 0.129 | (0.067)** | 3.8% | −0.158 | (0.050)*** | −3.1% |
| Student scored 3+ on other AP exam | 0.201 | (0.097)** | 4.0% | 0.052 | (0.022)*** | 0.061 | (0.057) | 1.8% | −0.070 | (0.035)** | −1.4% |
| Student is female | 0.002 | (0.040) | 0.0% | 0.205 | (0.017)*** | 0.164 | (0.035)*** | 4.8% | −0.068 | (0.019)*** | −1.3% |
| Student is a U.S. citizen | 0.251 | (0.063)*** | 5.0% | −0.081 | (0.034)*** | −0.229 | (0.089)** | −6.7% | 0.766 | (0.107)*** | 15.1% |
| Parents’ highest education is below high school | 0.043 | (0.403) | 0.8% | −0.119 | (0.114) | −0.186 | (0.172) | −5.4% | 0.691 | (0.088)*** | 13.6% |
| Parents’ highest education is some high school | 0.000 | (0.106) | 0.0% | −0.146 | (0.076)* | −0.150 | (0.166) | −4.4% | 0.344 | (0.068)*** | 6.8% |
| Parents’ highest education is high school graduate or GED | 0.055 | (0.080) | 1.1% | −0.139 | (0.041)*** | −0.168 | (0.083)** | −4.9% | 0.291 | (0.035)*** | 5.7% |
| Parents’ highest education is some college | −0.001 | (0.048) | 0.0% | −0.105 | (0.027)*** | −0.158 | (0.056)*** | −4.6% | 0.203 | (0.028)*** | 4.0% |
| Parents’ highest education is bachelor’s degree | 0.009 | (0.042) | 0.2% | −0.056 | (0.017)*** | −0.013 | (0.040) | −0.4% | −0.026 | (0.020) | −0.5% |
| Parent’s income is <$20,000 | −0.104 | (0.042)*** | −0.214 | (0.091)** | −6.2% | 0.431 | (0.047)*** | 8.5% | |||
| Parent’s income is ≥$20,000 and <$40,000 | −0.079 | (0.028)*** | −0.234 | (0.067)*** | −6.8% | 0.371 | (0.031)*** | 7.3% | |||
| Parent’s income is ≥$40,000 and <$60,000 | −0.071 | (0.025)*** | −0.251 | (0.058)*** | −7.3% | 0.242 | (0.027)*** | 4.8% | |||
| Parent’s income is ≥$60,000 and <$80,000 | −0.012 | (0.021) | −0.118 | (0.054)** | −3.4% | 0.217 | (0.026)*** | 4.3% | |||
| Student is from a single-parent family | 0.020 | (0.025) | 0.030 | (0.051) | 0.9% | 0.071 | (0.025)*** | 1.4% | |||
| Student is from Texas | 0.659 | (0.124)*** | 13.0% | −0.064 | (0.034)* | 0.133 | (0.076)* | 3.9% | 0.195 | (0.052)*** | 3.8% |
| Student attended a UT “feeder” high school | −0.011 | (0.063) | −0.2% | 0.080 | (0.025)*** | 0.106 | (0.053)** | 3.1% | 0.004 | (0.046) | 0.1% |
| Student attended a “Longhorn Opportunity Scholarship” HS | −0.203 | (0.143) | −4.0% | 0.108 | (0.094) | 0.249 | (0.147)* | 7.3% | 0.468 | (0.099)*** | 9.2% |
| Student attended a “Century Scholars” high school | 0.208 | (0.129) | 4.1% | −0.151 | (0.077)* | −0.311 | (0.149)** | −9.1% | −0.319 | (0.101)*** | −6.3% |
| Student attended a private high school | 0.076 | (0.083) | 1.5% | 0.012 | (0.051) | 0.028 | (0.088) | 0.8% | −0.016 | (0.108) | −0.3% |
| High school’s average SAT/ACT score (in ACT points) | 0.023 | (0.023) | 0.5% | 0.112 | (0.014)*** | 0.166 | (0.025)*** | 4.8% | 0.008 | (0.018) | 0.2% |
| HS’s percent who took the SAT + percent who took the ACT exam | −0.024 | (0.110) | −0.5% | 0.204 | (0.059)*** | 0.321 | (0.114)** | 9.4% | 0.350 | (0.055)*** | 6.9% |
| HS’s percent who receive free or reduced-price lunch | 0.036 | (0.202) | 0.7% | −0.276 | (0.133)*** | −0.538 | (0.274)** | −15.7% | −0.093 | (0.199) | −1.8% |
| HS’s percent who are underrepresented minorities | −0.110 | (0.128) | −2.2% | 0.221 | (0.087)*** | 0.369 | (0.172)** | 10.8% | 2.162 | (0.123)*** | 42.6% |
| Constant | −11.691 | (0.889)*** | −1.801 | (0.306)*** | −5.04 | (0.604)*** | −1.301 | (0.446)*** | |||
| Sigma | 0.623 | ||||||||||
| Number of observations | 16,628 | 6,831 | 6,831 | 50,705 | |||||||
Notes:
***
Two-sided P-values that are equal to or less than 1%,
**
two-sided P-values that are equal to or less than 5%, and
*
two-sided P-values that are equal to or less than 10%. Robust standard errors clustered at the high school level are used.