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Signaling pathways in breast cancer with gene mutations. Genetic alterations in breast cancer primarily occur in genes of the MAPK, p53, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Alterations in oncogenes are indicated in pink, and those in cancer suppressor genes are shown in green. Percentages (%) are the frequency of mutations per gene in our study out of 80 samples. Tyrosine kinase receptors (TKRs) include HER2, EGFR, and IGF-1R in breast cancer.
