Table S1.

Physiotherapy program

Type of rehabilitation	Methods
Breathing exercise	Purpose: to increase chest wall mobility before removing the drainage tube
	Methods: deep breathing and pursed lip breathing exercises at least 6 times a day
Postsurgical positioning	Purpose: to reduce wound edema postsurgery before removing the drainage tube
	Methods: keep the arm elevated above the heart
Massaging of scar tissue and stretching of the soft tissue	Purpose: to soften scar tissue
	Methods: (1) use the pads of the fingers to massage the scar and the surrounding tissue in circular, vertical, and horizontal motions; and (2) passive and active stretching and transverse strain of the major and minor pectoral muscles
	Duration: average 10–15 minutes
Mobilization of the shoulders	Purpose: to restore range of shoulder motion
	Methods: active or passive mobilization of the shoulders in all planes of motion, including flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and internal and external rotation
	Duration: average 5–10 minutes per section
Shoulder and upper extremity exercise	Purpose: (1) to improve muscle flexibility and strength; (2) to improve range of motion; and (3) to facilitate lymphatic transport
	Methods: (1) Before removing the drainage tube: (a) hand and finger exercise: make a fist and release pressure while turning the hand; and (b) wrist and elbow exercise: flexion and extension. (2) After removing the drainage tube and before removing the stitches: (a) shoulder shrugs and shoulder rolls; and (b) internal and external rotation of the shoulder. (3) After removing the stitches: (a) shoulder raise; (b) arm swing; (c) side bending and body rotations; (d) lifting the arm above the head; (e) walking the fingers up a wall and sideways; and (f) chest wall stretch
	Duration: average 10–15 minutes (10 repetitions in each set), 2–3 times per day Patients are asked to perform exercises from the program twice per day at home