Table 2.
Demographic and health characteristic differences among those with LBP and varying pain severity, and matched control respondents without LBP
| Pain severity
|
P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Matched control (N=1,897) |
Mild (N=995) |
Moderate (N=622) |
Severe (N=280) |
||
| Age (years) | 0.013 | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 51.05±14.73 | 49.40±13.67 | 51.35±13.73 | 50.90±14.01 | |
| Sex, n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Female | 982 (51.77%) | 432 (43.42%) | 341 (54.82%) | 173 (61.79%) | |
| Male | 915 (48.23%) | 563 (56.58%) | 281 (45.18%) | 107 (38.21%) | |
| University education, n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Less than university education | 1,140 (60.09%) | 524 (52.66%) | 376 (60.45%) | 174 (62.14%) | |
| University education or higher | 757 (39.91%) | 471 (47.34%) | 246 (39.55%) | 106 (37.86%) | |
| Annual household income, n (%) | 0.299 | ||||
| <¥3 MM | 386 (20.35%) | 195 (19.60%) | 136 (21.86%) | 71 (25.36%) | |
| ¥3 MM to <¥5 MM | 516 (27.20%) | 271 (27.24%) | 162 (26.05%) | 78 (27.86%) | |
| ¥5 MM to <¥8 MM | 487 (25.67%) | 238 (23.92%) | 161 (25.88%) | 58 (20.71%) | |
| ¥8 MM or more | 356 (18.77%) | 215 (21.61%) | 105 (16.88%) | 50 (17.86%) | |
| Decline to answer | 152 (8.01%) | 76 (7.64%) | 58 (9.32%) | 23 (8.21%) | |
| BMI category, n (%) | 0.412 | ||||
| Underweight | 210 (11.07%) | 100 (10.05%) | 53 (8.52%) | 32 (11.43%) | |
| Acceptable risk | 897 (47.29%) | 463 (46.53%) | 289 (46.46%) | 122 (43.57%) | |
| Increased risk | 563 (29.68%) | 324 (32.56%) | 203 (32.64%) | 82 (29.29%) | |
| High risk | 168 (8.86%) | 83 (8.34%) | 54 (8.68%) | 34 (12.14%) | |
| Decline to provide weight | 59 (3.11%) | 25 (2.51%) | 23 (3.70%) | 10 (3.57%) | |
| Alcohol use, n (%) | 0.289 | ||||
| Do not drink | 574 (30.26%) | 271 (27.24%) | 185 (29.74%) | 75 (26.79%) | |
| Drink alcohol | 1,323 (69.74%) | 724 (72.76%) | 437 (70.26%) | 205 (73.21%) | |
| Exercise behavior, n (%) | 0.002 | ||||
| Do not exercise | 1,086 (57.25%) | 534 (53.67%) | 370 (59.49%) | 185 (66.07%) | |
| Regularly exercise | 811 (42.75%) | 461 (46.33%) | 252 (40.51%) | 95 (33.93%) | |
| Smoking behavior, n (%) | 0.021 | ||||
| Never smoked | 903 (47.60%) | 454 (45.63%) | 286 (45.98%) | 148 (52.86%) | |
| Former smoker | 572 (30.15%) | 305 (30.65%) | 187 (30.06%) | 56 (20.00%) | |
| Current smoker | 422 (22.25%) | 236 (23.72%) | 149 (23.95%) | 76 (27.14%) | |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | 0.035 | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 0.26±0.65 | 0.24±0.62 | 0.26±0.61 | 0.36±0.74 | |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; LBP, lower back pain; SD, standard deviation; MM, million.