Table 5.

Antibacterial activity of A. heterophyllus shell powder extracts

Microorganisms	AAE		AME		MSE		Streptomycin
	ZI ± SD	MIC	ZI ± SD	MIC	ZI ± SD	MIC	ZI ± SD	MIC
Gram positive bacteria
Staphylococcus aureus	18 ± 0.6	4.2 ± 0.1	22 ± 0.5	4.2 ± 0.5	18 ± 0.3	4.2 ± 0.4	19 ± 0.5	0.014 ± 0.5
Bacillus subtilis	13 ± 0.9	5.5 ± 0.2	14 ± 0.6	5.4 ± 0.1	13 ± 0.4	5.2 ± 0.2	12 ± 0.2	0.018 ± 0.3
Bacillus cereus	11 ± 0.5	5.5 ± 0.2	11 ± 0.3	5.5 ± 0.5	12 ± 0.9	5.1 ± 0.1	12 ± 0.5	0.022 ± 0.1
Listeria monocytogenes	19 ± 0.5	4.2 ± 0.5	23 ±0.3	4.2 ± 0.5	22 ± 0.5	4.2 ± 0.3	20 ± 0.9	0.017 ± 0.4
Streptococcus faecalis	11 ± 0.6	5.6 ± 0.5	10 ± 0.6	5.6 ± 0.4	11 ± 0.6	5.6 ± 0.5	13 ± 0.4	0.020 ± 0.5
Gram negative bacteria
Salmonella typhimurium	16 ± 0.3	4.7 ± 0.3	18 ± 0.3	4.5 ± 0.2	16 ± 0.3	4.7 ± 0.5	19 ± 0.5	0.012 ± 0.1
Shigella flexneri	18 ± 0.4	4.7 ± 0.1	18 ±0.7	4.5 ± 0.2	16 ± 0.4	4.5 ± 0.4	17 ± 0.6	0.014 ± 0.4
Pseudomonas aeroginosa	09 ± 0.4	5.9 ± 0.5	11 ± 0.5	5.8 ± 0.1	09 ± 0.7	5.8 ± 0.2	10 ± 0.2	0.019 ± 0.5
Escherichia coli	11 ± 0.4	5.6 ± 0.2	12 ± 0.2	5.5 ± 0.5	12 ± 0.4	5.6 ± 0.5	14 ± 0.2	0.015 ± 0.2

ZI mean zone of inhibition (mm), MIC minimum inhibitory concentration (mg ml⁻¹)

Values are mean SD; n = 3