Table 2.
Analysis of carotenoids in red pepper
| Reference | (A) Extraction (B) Purification (C) Saponification |
Analytical Instrument | Stationary phase | Mobile phase1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cervantes-Paz et al. 2014 | (A) CaCO3-MeOH, acetone, hexane (C) 40 % KOH in MeOH |
HPLC-DAD-APCI-TOF | C30, 3 μm, 4.6 × 250 mm | Water-MeOH-MTBE (G) |
| Giuffrida et al. 2013 | (A) acetone-NaHCO3
(B) DEE-10 % NaCl |
HPLC-DAD-APCI-MS | C30, 5 μm, 3.0 × 250 mm | A: MeOH-MTBE-water (82:16:2) B: MeOH-MTBE-water (10:88:2) (G) |
| Cacciola et al. 2012 | (A) MeOH-EA-petroleum ether (1:1:1) | LC X LC-PDA, LCMS (APCI)-IT-TOF | (1) Cyano, 5 μm, 10 × 250 mm | (1). A: n-hexane, B: n-hexane/butylacetate/acetone (80:15:5) (G) |
| (2) C18, 2.7 μm, 30 × 4.6 mm | (2). A: water/ACN (10:90), B: IPA (G) | |||
| Kevresan et al. 2009 | (A) acetone (B) DEE-10 % NaCl |
HPLC-DAD | C18, 5 μm, 3.0 × 250 mm | A: acetone-water (3:1) B: acetone-MeOH (3:1) (G) |
| de Azevedo-Meleiro and Rodriguez-Amaya 2009 | (A) acetone (C) 10 % KOH |
HPLC-DAD, HPLC-MS | C18, 3 μm, 3.0 × 150 mm | 0.05 % triethylamine in ACN/MEOH/EA, gradient |
| Pérez-López et al. 2007 | (A) acetone (B) DEE-10 % NaCl (C) 20 % KOH in MeOH |
HPLC-DAD | C30, 5 μm, 4.6 × 250 mm | A: MeOH/(MTBE)/H2O (81:15:4) B: MTBE/MeOH (91:9) (G) |
| Topuz and Ozdemir 2007 | (A) acetone (B) DEE-10 % NaCl (C) 10 % KOH in MeOH |
HPLC-UV | C18, 5 μm, 4.0 × 250 mm | acetone/water (G) |
| Guil-Guerrero et al. 2006 | (A) acetone (B) DEE-water (C) KOH in MeOH |
HPLC-MS | C30, 5 μm, 3.0 × 250 mm | A: MeOH, B: MTBE (G) |
| Daood and Blanc. 2005 | (A) MeOH-acetone-DCM (2:2:1) | HPLC-PDA | C18, 3 μm, 4.6 × 250 mm | A: Water-MeOH (9:91), B: MeOH-ACN-IPA (10:35:55), C: MeOH (G) |
| Collera-Zúñiga et al. 2005 | (A) acetone (B) DEE-10 % NaCl (C) 20 % KOH in MeOH |
HPLC-UV | μ-porasil 125 A0, 3.9 × 150 mm | hexane/acetone (G) |
| C18, 5 μm, 3.9 × 150 mm | water/MeOH (G) | |||
| Kim et al. 2004 | (A) acetone (B) DEE-10 % NaCl (C) 30 % KOH in MeOH |
HPLC-UV HPLC-APCI-MS |
C18, 10 μm, 3.0 × 200 mm | ACN-MeOH (95:5) (I) |
| HPLC-APCI-MS | C18, 10 μm, 3.0 × 200 mm | A: MeOH-MTBE-water (81:15:4) B: MeOH-MTBE-water (6:90:4) (G) |
||
| Marín et al. 2004 | (A) acetone (B) DEE-10 % NaCl (C) 20 % KOH in MeOH |
HPLC-DAD | C18, 5 μm, 4 × 250 mm | – |
| Perez-Galvez and Minguez-Mosquera 2004 | (A) acetone (B) DEE-10 % NaCl (C) 20 % KOH in MeOH |
HPLC-DAD | C18, 5 μm, 4.0 × 250 mm | Acetone/water (G) |
| Breithaupt and Schwack. 2000 | (A) MeOH-EA-light petroleum (1:1:1) (C) 0.5 KOH in MeOH |
LC-DAD-MS | C30, 5 μm, 4.0 × 250 mm | A: MeOH-MTBE-water (81:15:4) B: MeOH-MTBE-water (6:90:4) (G) |
| Cserhati et al. 2000 | (A) acteone | HPLC-DAD | C18, 5 μm, 4 × 150 mm | A: water, B: MeOH-ACN (8:2) (G) |
| Howard et al. 2000 | (A) acetone (B) DEE-10 % NaCl (C) KOH in MeOH |
HPLC-DAD | - | A: ACN-0.05 M Amm. acetate in MeOH-DCM-triethylamine (75:20:5:0.05) with 0.1 % BHT B: MeOH with 0.1 % BHT (G) |
| Hornero-Méndez et al. 2000 | (A) acetone (B) DEE-10 % NaCl (C) 20 % KOH in MeOH |
HPLC-DAD | C18, 5 μm, 4.6 × 250 mm | A: acetone, B: water (G) |
| Kosa et al. 2001 | (A) acetone | HPLC-DAD | C18, 5 μm, 2 × 150 mm | A: MeOH-ACN (8:2), B: water (G) |
| Illés et al. 1999 | (A) (i) Super critical CO2 (ii) DEE-acetone-MeOH (2:1:1) | HPLC-UV | C18, 5 μm, 4.6 × 250 mm | ACN-IPA-MeOH (2:1.75:1.25) (I) |
| Jaren-Galan et al. 1999 | (A) Super critical CO2
(C) 15 % KOH in MeOH |
HPLC-DAD | C18, 5 μm, 4.6 × 250 mm | A: acetone, B: MeOH-Water (1:1) (G) |
| Weissenberg et al. 1997 | (A) DEE, MeOH (C) 5 % KOH in MeOH |
HPLC-UV | C18, 5 μm, 4 × 250 mm; C18, 4 μm, 4 × 125 mm | ACN-IPA-EA (80:10:10) (I) |
| Deli et al. 1996 | (A) MeOH-DEE (C) 30 % KOH in MeOH |
HPLC-DAD | C18, 6 μm, 4.6 × 250 mm | A: 12 % water-MeOH, B: MeOH C: 50 % acetone-MeOH (G) |
Abbreviations: MeOH methanol, DEE diethyl ether, DCM dichloromethane, EA ethyl acetate, ACN acetonitrile, MTBE methyl tertiary butyl ether, I isocratic, G gradient