Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study population with coronary heart disease by number of ideal lifestyle factors.
| Number of ideal lifestyle factors‡ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participant characteristic | 0 (n = 240) |
1 (n = 1,383) |
2 (n = 1,452) |
3 – 4 (n = 1,100) |
| Percentage of sample | 5.7% | 33.1% | 34.8% | 26.4% |
| Age (years) | 64.8 (0.5) | 67.2 (0.3) | 69.7 (0.3) | 70.4 (0.3) |
| Female | 57.1% | 47.2% | 32.5% | 21.6% |
| Black | 40.9% | 39.8% | 33.9% | 25.9% |
| Less than a high school education | 25.1% | 20.0% | 17.0% | 12.5% |
| Household Income < $20,000 | 37.3% | 28.8% | 20.2% | 12.7% |
| Geographic Region | ||||
| Stroke belt | 36.4% | 35.3% | 34.1% | 33.5% |
| Stroke buckle | 18.9% | 21.5% | 22.2% | 20.4% |
| Other region | 44.7% | 43.2% | 43.7% | 46.1% |
| Diabetes mellitus | 46.9% | 45.4% | 33.2% | 23.9% |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 130.9 (1.2) | 131.6 (0.5) | 129.5 (0.5) | 128.0 (0.6) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 75.8 (0.6) | 76.1 (0.3) | 75.0 (0.3) | 74.0 (0.3) |
| Low estimated GFR (<60 ml/min/1.73 m2) | 22.1% | 24.4% | 25.1% | 17.1% |
| High albumin to creatinine ratio (≥ 30 mg/g) | 32.2% | 28.7% | 23.9% | 17.4% |
| Aspirin Use | 74.6% | 74.4% | 75.0% | 82.6% |
| Clopidogrel Use | 20.0% | 19.0% | 19.5% | 17.2% |
| Statin Use | 58.2% | 62.3% | 65.7% | 68.6% |
| Beta blocker use | 55.3% | 53.9% | 53.1% | 51.9% |
| ACE inhibitor use | 44.4% | 39.9% | 40.1% | 36.8% |
| Angiotensin receptor blocker use | 15.2% | 22.2% | 18.3% | 15.8% |
| Abdominal obesity† | 100.0% | 86.8% | 44.1% | 12.2% |
| Serum LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 103.5 (2.6) | 100.6 (1.0) | 98.7 (1.0) | 95.1 (1.1) |
| C-reactive protein mg/L | 4.8 (4.7 – 4.9) | 3.3 (3.2 – 3.3) | 2.4 (2.4 – 2.4) | 1.6 (1.6 – 1.6) |
Number in the table numbers is percentage or mean±standard error except C-reactive protein which is geometric mean (95% confidence interval).
GFR = estimated glomerular filtration.
†
Abdominal obesity = waist circumference for men: > 102 cm and women: > 88 cm.
‡
Ideal lifestyle factors were defined as not having abdominal obesity, physical activity ≥ 4 times per week, Mediterranean diet score in the highest quartile, and being a non-smoker.