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. 2015 Feb 18;2015:189239. doi: 10.1155/2015/189239

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Copyright © 2015 Yue-Hua Wang et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Antimitochondria-mediated apoptotic effects of echinacoside in PC12 cells against 6-OHDA neurotoxicity. (A) Cytosolic cytochrome c release; (B) the activity of caspsae-3; (C) apoptosis stained with PI by flow cytometric analysis. Representative photographs: (a) untreated group; (b) 6-OHDA-treated group; (c) 6-OHDA+ echinacoside 0.1 μM; (d) 6-OHDA+ echinacoside 1 μM; and (e) 6-OHDA+ echinacoside 10 μM. Data are the mean ± SD, n = 4, ^## P < 0.01 versus untreated group; ^* P < 0.05, ^** P < 0.01 versus vehicle group.