Table 2.
Cardiac findings at rest and light exercise with echocardiography.
| Rest | |
| Heart rate | 60 |
| Rhythm | Pacemaker |
| End diastolic volume (mL) | 147 |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 54 |
| Mitral annulus displacement (cm) | 1.2 |
| Mitral flow E (cm·s−1) | 82* |
| Mitral flow E/A | 1.2* |
| E Deceleration time (ms) | 199* |
| Isovolumic relaxation time (ms) | 94* |
| Tissue Doppler systolic velocity (S′—cm·s−1) | 8.0§ |
| Tissue Doppler early diastolic velocity (e′—cm·s−1) | 7.5§ |
| E/e′ | 10.9§ |
|
| |
| Light exercise | |
| Heart rate | 100 |
| Rhythm | Sinus |
| End diastolic volume (mL) | 124 |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 80 |
| Mitral flow E (cm·s−1) | 112 |
| Tissue Doppler early diastolic velocity (e′—cm·s−1) | 12.0 |
| E/e′ | 10.0 |
Echocardiographic findings at rest and during light, upright bicycle exercise. The ∗ denotes normal values for males in the age interval of 40–60 years in the HUNT study, while § denotes values that are normal for males in the age range of >60 [12].