Experimental protocol of CAC model. All mice received i.p. injected AOM on day 1 followed by 3 cycles of 2% DSS in the drinking water for 7 days and then distilled water for 14 days. Mice in control group received no drug treatment; Vehicle treated group received vehicle (4% ethanol + 5% Tween 80 + 5% polyethylene glycol 400) i.p. injection after day 14; GKB treated group received 10mg/kg/day of GKB (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA) i.p. injection after day 14. (n=8 per group). GKB, Ginkgolide B; PEG, polyethylene glycol; CAC, colitis-associated cancer; AOM, axozymethane; DSS, dextran sulfate sodium.