Table 2.
Contributions of individual variables to immune function and cold or flu incidence and severitya,b,c.
|
R2 (%) |
Odds ratio (95% CI) |
95% CI |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SI | IL-2 secretion | IFN-γ secretion | TNF-α secretion | IL-6 secretion | Cold or flu incidence | Number of days with cold or flu | |
| Age | 1.38 | 10.25 | 2.69 | 0.01 | 0.35 | 1.085 (0.867, 1.359) | (−0.105, 0.120) |
| BMI | 0.72 | 0.39 | 2.70 | 2.81 | 0.16 | 1.085 (0.619, 1.901) | (−0.258, 0.240) |
| Insulin | 1.77 | 3.40 | 3.24 | 2.27 | 0.47 | 0.789 (0.546, 1.139) | (−0.040, 0.191) |
| CRP | 0.31 | 3.45 | 11.55 | 3.19 | 1.25 | 0.908 (0.683, 1.208) | (−0.021, 0.098) |
| Serum total cholesterol | 6.08 | 0.07 | 2.80 | 0.08 | 0.17 | 1.042 (0.989, 1.098) | (−0.038, 0.002) |
| Serum HDL | 0.00 | 10.98 | 0.15 | 1.36 | 1.55 | 0.950 (0.839, 1.076) | (−0.042, 0.052) |
| PA | 7.28 | 8.71 | 0.15 | 0.13 | 5.55 | 1.169 (0.141, 9.669) | (−1.362, 1.275) |
| Dietary intake of | |||||||
| Total calories | 0.00 | 3.33 | 0.02 | 16.68 | 9.89 | 0.998 (0.994, 1.002) | (−0.001, 0.001) |
| Vitamin C | 2.97 | 2.39 | 1.99 | 15.48 | 5.31 | 1.006 (0.982, 1.031) | (−0.009, 0.014) |
| Vitamin D | 1.98 | 11.27 | 12.13 | 8.05 | 4.67 | 1.002 (0.992, 1.012) | (−0.321, 0.095) |
| Vitamin E | 9.84 | 0.03 | 3.13 | 0.31 | 1.19 | 1.440 (0.894, 2.320) | (−0.044, 0.013) |
| Iron | 5.53 | 4.15 | 4.53 | 7.63 | 12.18 | 1.246 (0.726, 2.141) | (−0.171, 0.103) |
| Selenium | 2.49 | 5.07 | 3.23 | 0.28 | 2.93 | 1.047 (0.964, 1.137) | (−0.044, 0.013) |
| Zinc | 3.19 | 2.78 | 3.35 | 2.60 | 4.77 | 0.809 (0.364, 1.799) | (−0.361, 0.214) |
| n-3 PUFA | 1.81 | 0.41 | 1.44 | 0.47 | 5.80 | 0.013 (0.001, 5.176) | (0.029, 2.920) |
| Caffeine | 0.04 | 0.28 | 0.17 | 0.02 | 1.26 | 1.015 (0.992, 1.038) | (−0.024, 0.005) |
| Alcohol consumption | 0.55 | 0.01 | 1.16 | 1.87 | 2.73 | 1.039 (0.824, 1.311) | (−0.085, 0.115) |
aWaist circumference, glucose, SBP, and DBP were not included because they were collinear with BMI.
bSerum LDL and TG were not included because they were collinear with serum total cholesterol.
cDietary intake of carbohydrates, proteins, and fat were not included because they were collinear with total calorie intake.