Table 3.
Relationships Between Perceived Prejudice and Adolescents’ Outcomes
| Grades in School ß (SE) |
School Attachment ß (SE) |
|
|---|---|---|
| Step 1 | ||
| Schoolwide perceived prejudice (proportion) | −.34 (.12)** | −.22 (.13) |
| Wave 1 outcome | .61 (.01)*** | .53 (.01)*** |
| Age | −.00 (.02) | −.02 (.02) |
| Highest parent education | .05 (.01)*** | .03 (.01) |
| Two biological parent family | .03 (.01)* | .03 (.01)** |
| Female | .07 (.01)*** | −.03 (.01)* |
| Latino | −.05 (.02)** | −.03 (.02) |
| African American | −.06 (.01)*** | −.04 (.02)* |
| Asian American | .03 (.01) | −.00 (.01) |
| Other race/ethnicity | −.02 (.01) | −.02 (.02) |
| Immigrant status | .01 (.02) | .03 (.02) |
| Same-sex attraction | −.02 (.02) | −.02 (.01) |
| Overweight | −.00 (.01) | .01 (.01) |
| Socioeconomic advantage | −.01 (.01) | .02 (.02) |
| Private school | .06 (.11) | .11 (.11) |
| High school | .29 (.14)* | −.03 (.13) |
| Enrollment | −.10 (.14) | −.33 (.14)* |
| Percent minority students | −.26 (.16) | −.05 (.18) |
| Percent immigrant students | .10 (.16) | −.06 (.17) |
| Percent sexual minority students | .14 (.19) | .05 (.11) |
| Percent overweight students | −.01 (.18) | .40 (.12)*** |
| Percent disadvantaged students | −.15 (.22) | −.27 (.19) |
| Step 2 | ||
| Schoolwide perceived prejudice (proportion) | −.33 (.13)** | −.12 (.13) |
| Student-level perceived prejudice | .01 (.01) | −.06 (.02)*** |
| Step 3 | ||
| Schoolwide perceived prejudice (proportion) | −.33 (.24) | .03 (.30) |
| Student-level perceived prejudice | .02 (.04) | −.04 (.05) |
| School × student prejudice interaction | −.01 (.05) | −.04 (.07) |
Note. N = 9,765. Results based on pooled estimates across 20 imputed datasets. Effects of markers of vulnerability to stigmatization, prior measures of outcomes, and individual- and school-level controls included in each step; due to space constraints, coefficients only presented for Step 1 (coefficients rather stable over time).
***
p < .001.
**
p < .01.
*
p < .05.