Table 1.

Descriptive statistics and correlations of the measures in each group and the total dataset.

Observed variables	1.	2.	3.	4.	5.	6.

Boys ineligible for FRL and boys eligible for FRL
							Boys ineligible for FRL^a

							M	SD

1. Letter-name fluency	–	.66	.53	.40	.50	.47	45.26	14.40
2. Letter-sound fluency	.75	–	.60	.49	.53	.54	40.45	16.74
3. Blending words	.52	.55	–	.56	.52	.50	10.91	4.27
4. Elision	.37	.40	.67	–	.53	.56	6.51	4.48
5. Spelling (real)	.49	.54	.67	.60	–	.83	23.88	8.58
6. Spelling (pseudo)	.54	.54	.60	.56	.77	–	14.12	6.66
Boys eligible for FRL ^c	41.32	34.88	9.08	4.45	19.24	11.07
M
SD	17.20	18.00	4.36	3.17	8.02	6.22

Girls ineligible for FRL and girls eligible for FRL
							Girls ineligible for FRL^b

							M	SD

1. Letter-name fluency	–	.63	.41	.24ⁿ	.38	.33	52.65	15.18
2. Letter-sound fluency	.77	–	.54	.34	.38	.38	45.57	14.20
3. Blending words	.47	.49	–	.53	.58	.61	12.06	3.67
4. Elision	.49	.42	.61	–	.60	.67	6.55	3.97
5. Spelling (real)	.56	.54	.61	.55	–	.82	25.00	7.33
6. Spelling (pseudo)	.47	.51	.63	.56	.73	–	15.60	6.06
Girls eligible for FRL ^d	47.56	39.81	9.55	4.87	21.30	12.28
M
SD	19.93	17.78	4.03	3.53	6.63	5.40

Total^e – boys ineligible for FRL, girls ineligible for FRL, boys eligible for FRL, and girls eligible for FRL
							M	SD

1. Letter-name fluency	–						45.31	17.89
2. Letter-sound fluency	.74	–					38.79	17.57
3. Blending words	.50	.55	–				9.96	4.24
4. Elision	.40	.43	.62	–			5.20	3.74
5. Spelling (real)	.50	.53	.63	.59	–		21.51	7.95
6. Spelling (pseudo)	.48	.52	.61	.60	.80	–	12.64	6.24

Note: All values were significant at p < .01 except those markedⁿ; FRL = free or reduced-price lunch;

n = 78;

n = 65;

n = 174;

n = 145;

total dataset N = 462; values above the diagonal are for children who were ineligible for FRL and the values below the diagonal are for children who were eligible for FRL.