Table 1.
The characteristics of study participants with and without the metabolic syndrome (n = 25,184)
| Participants with MetS | Participants without MetS | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | (n = 17,138) | (n = 8,046) | P |
| Age (year) | 64.6 ± 7.7 | 63.2 ± 7.8 | <0.001 |
| Sex | <0.001 | ||
| Male (%) | 2720 (33.8) | 8650 (50.5) | |
| Female (%) | 5326 (66.2) | 8488 (49.5) | |
| Marital status | <0.001 | ||
| Married (%) | 7025 (87.5) | 15518 (90.8) | |
| Widowed (%) | 845 (10.5) | 1172 (6.9) | |
| Unmarried (%) | 22 (0.3) | 54 (0.3) | |
| Divorced (%) | 133 (1.7) | 350 (2.0) | |
| Education | <0.001 | ||
| Elementary or below (%) | 2789 (34.9) | 4598 (27.1) | |
| Junior high school (%) | 2922 (36.6) | 6058 (35.6) | |
| High school (%) | 1641 (20.6) | 4362 (25.7) | |
| College or above (%) | 630 (7.9) | 1979 (11.6) | |
| Physical activity (%) | 6454 (80.2) | 14067 (82.1) | <0.001 |
| Current smoker (%) | 1011 (12.7) | 3496 (20.5) | <0.001 |
| Current drinker (%) | 1275 (15.9) | 3997 (23.3) | <0.001 |
| Self-reported medical history | |||
| Coronary heart disease (%) | 1775 (22.3) | 2121 (12.5) | <0.001 |
| Myocardial infarction (%) | 278 (3.5) | 423 (2.5) | <0.001 |
| Stroke (%) | 443 (5.6) | 605 (3.6) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension (%) | 4623 (57.5) | 5023 (52.1) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 1712 (21.3) | 1383 (8.1) | <0.001 |
| Family history of diabetes (%) | 470 (6.0) | 64.4 (5.1) | 0.004 |
| Family history of hypertension (%) | 2008 (25.3) | 3498 (20.8) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.0 ± 3.1 | 23.3 ± 2.9 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 91.0 ± 7.5 | 79.3 ± 7.9 | <0.001 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 6.6 ± 2.1 | 5.8 ± 1.5 | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 136.1 ± 18.0 | 126.6 ± 18.1 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 80.8 ± 11.1 | 76.3 ± 10.5 | <0.001 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.5 ± 0.4 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 5.3 ± 1.0 | 5.1 ± 0.9 | <0.001 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD or number (percentage).
Abbreviations: MetS metabolic syndrome, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.