Table 3.

Adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for metabolic syndrome by sleep duration stratified by gender

	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Daily sleep duration (hours)
Male
<7	1.21 (0.91-1.61)	1.28 (0.90-1.80)
7-7.9	1.00	1.00
8-8.9	0.99 (0.85-1.16)	1.14 (0.95-1.37)
9-9.9	0.94 (0.80-1.09)	1.12 (0.93-1.34)
≥10	1.08 (0.92-1.26)	1.10 (0.98-1.38)
Female
<7	1.13 (0.92-1.39)	1.06 (0.84-1.35)
7-7.9	1.00	1.00
8-8.9	1.16 (1.04-1.30)	1.20 (1.06-1.37)
9-9.9	1.22 (1.08-1.36)	1.28 (1.12-1.46)
≥10	1.29 (1.13-1.46)	1.33 (1.15-1.54)
Nighttime sleep duration (hours)
Male
<7	1.22 (1.01-1.46)	1.15 (0.93-1.44)	1.04 (0.93-1.17)
7-7.9	1.00	1.00	1.00
8-8.9	0.99 (0.89-1.11)	1.13 (0.99-1.29)	1.04 (0.97-1.12)
≥9	1.01 (0.89-1.14)	1.28 (1.10-1.49)	1.01 (0.94-1.10)
Female
<7	0.96 (0.83-1.11)	0.94 (0.79-1.11)	0.93 (0.79-1.10)
7-7.9	1.00	1.00	1.00
8-8.9	1.08 (0.99-1.18)	1.06 (0.96-1.17)	1.05 (0.96-1.16)
≥9	1.04 (0.93-1.15)	1.10 (0.97-1.24)	1.10 (0.97-1.24)
Daytime napping duration (minutes)
Male
None	1.00	1.00	1.00
<30	1.05 (0.79-1.40)	0.94 (0.67-1.33)	0.94 (0.67-1.33)
30-59	1.03 (0.89-1.19)	1.07 (0.90-1.28)	1.07 (0.90-1.28)
60-89	1.09 (0.97-1.23)	1.05 (0.91-1.22)	1.05 (0.91-1.22)
≥90	1.12 (1.00-1.28)	1.09 (0.94-1.27)	1.09 (0.94-1.27)
Female
None	1.00	1.00	1.00
<30	0.92 (0.73-1.10)	0.87 (0.75-1.02)	0.88 (0.74-1.03)
30-59	1.02 (0.92-1.14)	1.03 (0.97-1.20)	1.03 (0.91-1.16)
60-89	1.10 (1.00-1.21)	1.08 (0.97-1.20)	1.08 (0.97-1.20)
≥90	1.22 (1.09-1.36)	1.21 (1.06-1.37)	1.20 (1.06-1.37)

Model 1, adjusted for age, marriage, education, smoking status, drinking status, physical activity, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, and family history of hypertension or diabetes.

Model 2, adjusted for the variables in model 1 plus body mass index (BMI).

Model 3, adjusted for the variables in model 2 plus daytime napping duration or nighttime sleep duration, as appropriate.