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. 2015 Apr 1;109:206–216. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.12.071

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© 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.

This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Fig. 3 — fMRI results. Clusters in ventral vmPFC (A) and lateral vmPFC showed greater activation in response to 5-token compared to 3-token offers, but a deactivation in response to 7-token relative to 3 and 5-token offers, consistent with 7-token offers having a negative overall (long-term) value (see yellow boxes, Fig. 2, panel A). By contrast, both left (B) and right (D) anterior caudate exhibited a linearly increasing response profile to the presentation of 3, 5 and 7-token offers, consistent with this region showing preferential sensitivity to immediate value. Furthermore, in trials where 7-token offers were impulsively accepted (7 go) compared to rejected (7 nogo), the representation of long-term value (for 7-token offers) was attenuated in lateral vmPFC (C) (less negative beta), while the representation of immediate value (for 7-token offers) was boosted in left (B) and right (D) anterior caudate (more positive beta). Vertical lines represent SEM. * indicates p = < 0.05; ^‡ indicates p = 0.07; n.s. indicates not significant (paired t-tests).