. 2015 Feb 27;13:29. doi: 10.1186/s12955-015-0220-x

Table 4.

Hotelling-T2 Test of left-behind children's/adolescents’ synthesisHRQoL score

Factors	Physical summary	Emotional functioning	Social functioning	School performance	T ²	P
Factors	(X ± SD)	(X ± SD)	(X ± SD)	(X ± SD)
Gender					3.59	P < 0.05
Boys	75.33 ± 15.77	68.18 ± 17.11^a	76.78 ± 17.79	64.84 ± 23.78^b
Girls	74.76 ± 14.72	65.34 ± 17.10^b	77.70 ± 17.65	68.94 ± 21.43^a
Age group(years)					27.32	P < 0.05
2-4	64.73 ± 18.64^c	69.49 ± 19.17	75.69 ± 18.39	38.56 ± 31.09^c
5-7	71.83 ± 14.00^b	68.51 ± 14.82	73.29 ± 18.37	67.64 ± 19.48^b
8-12	77.88 ± 12.75^a	66.23 ± 16.86	79.15 ± 16.62	74.15 ± 14.53^a
13-18	78.18 ± 14.58^a	65.82 ± 17.21	76.44 ± 18.56	70.97 ± 15.32^ab
Father’s highest academic qualification					2.20	P < 0.05
Uneducated	71.21 ± 14.04	62.56 ± 15.76	60.71 ± 23.69^b	67.50 ± 12.36
Primary school	74.98 ± 14.37	66.63 ± 17.77	77.68 ± 18.72^a	65.74 ± 24.21
Juniormiddle school	74.61 ± 15.24	67.01 ± 16.80	77.15 ± 17.11^a	64.55 ± 23.79
Senior high school or higher	76.90 ± 16.72	67.60 ± 17.55	78.58 ± 16.45^a	73.33 ± 17.79
Father’s migrant workingtime(years)					3.45	P < 0.05
<1	76.79 ± 13.33^a	65.04 ± 16.21	78.41 ± 16.10^a	73.09 ± 16.92^a
1-3	76.77 ± 14.58^a	67.87 ± 16.57	78.94 ± 17.34^a	66.83 ± 22.07^b
3-5	71.06 ± 16.87^b	69.66 ± 16.82	72.71 ± 18.05^b	61.93 ± 24.36^b
>5	74.28 ± 16.32^ab	66.59 ± 18.42	77.03 ± 18.94^a	63.05 ± 25.90^b
Mother’s migrant workingtime(years)					4.58	P < 0.05
Never leave	77.33 ± 14.00^a	68.99 ± 15.11	81.72 ± 13.90^a	68.17 ± 22.80^b
<1	78.05 ± 12.89^a	66.07 ± 17.27	78.83 ± 17.65^ab	74.03 ± 14.25^a
1-3	75.66 ± 15.65^a	65.45 ± 17.49	75.31 ± 18.20^bc	64.91 ± 23.23^b
3-5	68.36 ± 16.65^b	69.32 ± 15.63	71.11 ± 16.30^c	57.41 ± 27.73^c
>5	73.34 ± 16.51^a	66.46 ± 18.70	77.17 ± 19.39^ab	63.31 ± 25.34^b
Mother’s visit interval(months)					2.45	P < 0.05
0	77.33 ± 14.00^a	68.99 ± 15.11^a	81.72 ± 13.90^a	68.17 ± 22.80^ab
1-3	78.52 ± 13.67^a	68.66 ± 17.31^a	80.73 ± 17.75^a	72.82 ± 15.39^a
4-6	70.29 ± 16.70^b	61.86 ± 15.42^b	73.08 ± 17.93^b	68.38 ± 17.10^ab
7 -12	73.48 ± 16.20^ab	66.64 ± 18.46^ab	74.78 ± 17.90^b	63.41 ± 25.84^b
>12	75.95 ± 14.14^a	67.05 ± 16.35^ab	77.31 ± 18.89^ab	65.00 ± 24.24^ab

Note: a,b,c stands for statistical significance by SNK. SNK(Student-Newman-Keuls test) was used to detect whether there were significant differences among HRQoL score levels, and whether there was a significant difference in different subgroups. More details will be found in Paulson D S. Applied statistical designs for the researcher[M]. CRC Press, 2003.