Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the study patients.
| Variables | Total (n = 194) | HD (n = 155) | PD (n = 39) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 57.89 ± 14.53 | 59.55 ± 14.36 | 51.30 ± 13.44 | 0.001 |
| Sex (male) | 114 (58.8) | 93 (60.0) | 21 (53.8) | 0.302 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.60 ± 3.41 | 23.6 ± 3.37 | 23.46 ± 3.64 | 0.787 |
| Smoking (Yes) | 29 (14.9) | 22 (14.2) | 7 (17.9) | 0.357 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 141.61 ± 18.69 | 142.38 ± 18.39 | 138.59 ± 19.80 | 0.259 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 77.60 ± 13.00 | 77.54 ± 12.08 | 77.85 ± 16.34 | 0.896 |
| Primary cause of renal disease | 0.381 | |||
| Diabetes | 91 (46.9) | 72 (46.5) | 19 (48.7) | |
| Hypertension | 44 (22.7) | 35 (22.6) | 9 (20.5) | |
| GN | 23 (11.9) | 19 (12.3) | 4 (10.3) | |
| Others | 10 (5.2) | 7 (4.5) | 3 (7.7) | |
| unknown | 26 (13.4) | 22 (14.2) | 4 (10.3) | |
| Comorbid disease | ||||
| Chronic lung disease | 20 (10.4) | 18 (11.7) | 2 (5.1) | 0.264 |
| Coronary arterial disease | 27 (13.9) | 25 (16.1) | 2 (5.1) | 0.117 |
| Arrhythmia | 10 (5.2) | 9 (5.8) | 1 (2.6) | 0.690 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 33 (17.0) | 25 (16.1) | 8 (20.5) | 0.633 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 35 (18.0) | 32 (20.6) | 3 (7.7) | 0.065 |
| Ulcer | 11 (5.7) | 6 (3.9) | 5 (12.8) | 0.046 |
| Liver disease | 5 (2.6) | 4 (2.6) | 1 (2.6) | 0.995 |
| DM | 111 (57.2) | 88 (56.8) | 23 (59.0) | 0.858 |
| Modified CCI | 5.23 ± 2.62 | 5.42 ± 2.65 | 4.47 ± 2.43 | 0.052 |
| Davies score | 1.07 ± 0.95 | 1.13 ± 0.99 | 0.83 ± 0.74 | 0.092 |
| Baseline laboratory findings | ||||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 9.16 ± 5.88 | 9.26 ± 6.55 | 8.73 ± 1.25 | 0.614 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 57.55 ± 28.54 | 56.69 ± 29.87 | 60.99 ± 22.49 | 0.401 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 8.09 ± 10.01 | 7.16 ± 2.88 | 11.84 ± 21.38 | 0.009 |
| Serum albumin (g/dL) | 3.31 ± 1.44 | 3.34 ± 1.58 | 3.29 ± 0.62 | 0.661 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 149.97 ± 40.68 | 148.64 ± 39.38 | 155.28 ± 45.64 | 0.364 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 113.15 ± 48.68 | 110.97 ± 44.36 | 121.84 ± 62.66 | 0.213 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 81.69 ± 29.49 | 79.62 ± 28.68 | 89.93 ± 31.54 | 0.051 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 37.94 ± 12.25 | 37.96 ± 12.59 | 37.87 ± 10.94 | 0.965 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 137.62 ± 3.81 | 137.79 ± 3.57 | 136.97 ± 4.67 | 0.232 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.10 ± 0.76 | 4.13 ± 0.80 | 3.97 ± 0.59 | 0.263 |
| Bicarbonate (mmol/L) | 22.84 ± 4.36 | 22.80 ± 4.10 | 22.99 ± 5.30 | 0.812 |
| iPTH (pmol/L) | 195.01 (99.85–231.5) | 191.92 (98.0–230.96) | 207.24 (118.0–234.0) | 0.630 |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | 16.03 (1–18.72) | 16.99 (1.02–19.03) | 12.14 (1.01–14.05) | 0.353 |
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 12213 (1924–20682) | 12549 (2101–21047) | 10033 (605–19439) | 0.434 |
| cTnT (ng/mL) | 0.10 (0.02–0.10) | 0.11 (0.03–0.12) | 0.05 (0.02–0.07) | 0.076 |
| 24-hr urine related parameter | ||||
| Urine volume (mL/day) | 886.0 (467.5–1172.5) | 868.9 (460.0–1150.0) | 953.8 (470.0–1400.0) | 0.412 |
| Urine protein (mg/day) | 2103.6 (556.3–2721.5) | 2224.5 (532.1–2863.4) | 1623.3 (670.7–2184.0) | 0.132 |
| Medications | ||||
| RAS blocker | 155 (79.9) | 123 (79.4) | 32 (82.1) | 0.825 |
| Diuretics | 118 (60.8) | 95 (61.3) | 23 (59.0) | 0.855 |
| CCB | 132 (68) | 108 (69.7) | 24 (61.5) | 0.342 |
| Beta blocker | 120 (61.9) | 96 (61.9) | 24 (61.5) | 0.998 |
| Aspirin | 51 (26.3) | 49 (31.6) | 2 (5.1) | 0.001 |
| Clopidogrel | 17 (8.8) | 16 (10.3) | 1 (2.6) | 0.363 |
| Vitamin D | 97 (50.0) | 71 (45.8) | 26 (66.7) | 0.031 |
| ESA | 167 (86.1) | 133 (85.8) | 4 (87.2) | 1.000 |
HD, hemodialysis; PD, peritoneal dialysis; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; GN, glomerulonephritis; DM, diabetes mellitus; CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; iPTH, intact parathyroid hormone; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C reactive protein; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide; cTnT, cardiac troponin T; RAS, renin-angiotensin-system; CCB, calcium channel blocker; ESA, erythropoietin stimulating agent.
Data are expressed as mean ± SD, number (percentage), or median (range).